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portugal Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Wha’ts the nickname for Port?

A

Blackstrap

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2
Q

What is the Douro Wine Company??

A

Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro, to control and oversight to the Port Trade.

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3
Q

What’s the brandy used in the fortication process for port?

A

Aguardente

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4
Q

What is IVDP?

A

Douro Port Wine Institute

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5
Q

What is the wines that had undergone the torna viagem(round trip) across the Atlantic?

A

Vinhos ao Roda

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6
Q

What is the wines that matured on the island?

A

Vinhos Canteiro

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7
Q

Which one was more expensive? Vinhos ao Roda or Vinhos Canteiro?

A

Vinhos ao Roda

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8
Q

Name 2 commercial brands of Sweet semi sparkling rose of Portugal.

A
  1. Mateus, 2. Lancers
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9
Q

Name the 14 IGPs of Portugal

A

Minho, Transmontano, Duriense, Terras do Dao, Terras de Cister, Terras da Beira, Beira Atlantico, Tejo, Lisboa, Alentejano, Peninsula de Setubal, Algarve, Terras Madeirenses Acores

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10
Q

What is Vinhos de Mesa?

A

Table Wine

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11
Q

Wha’ts the min % of grapes grown in the stated region in Portugal?

A

85%

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12
Q

What’s the minimum aging period for Tinto Garrafeira?

A

30 months, at least 1 yr in bottle

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13
Q

What’s the minimum aging period for Branco and Rosado Garrafeira?

A

12 months, at least 6months in bottle

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14
Q

What’s the minimum aging period for tradtional method sparkling in Portugal?

A

12months on the lees prior to degorgement.

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15
Q

Colheita Seleccionada in Portugal?

A

1% higher alcohol content

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16
Q

What’s the most widely grown red grape in Portugal?

A

Castelao - full and tannic

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17
Q

What’s Periquita?

A

Periquita is one of Portugal’s and the world’s most famous wine brands in 1850. Using Castelao

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18
Q

Who makes Periquita?

A

Fonseca

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19
Q

What does casta mean?

A

grape variety

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20
Q

Touriga Nacional is orignated from?

A

Dao

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21
Q

What’s the synonym of mencia in porgugal?

A

Jaen

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22
Q

Name 4 Synonym of touriga nacional.

A

Bical Tinto, Mortagua, Mortagua Preto, Preto Mortagua,

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23
Q

Name Major red grapes in Portugal.

A

Touriga Nacional, Alfrocheiro, Trincadeira, Baga, Aragonez (Tinta Roriz)

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24
Q

What’s the most cultivated white grape in Portugal?

A

Fernao Pires (Maria Gomes in Bairrada) - early ripneing aromatic grape

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25
Q

Name Major white grapes in Portugal.

A

Encruzado, Arinto ,Antao Vaz ,Alvarinho (Albarino)

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26
Q

What’s the synonym of Sercial in mainland?

A

Esgana Cao

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27
Q

True or False. Sercial and Cercial is the same variety.

A

FALSE

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28
Q

Name all regions of Portugal north to south

A
  1. Minho 2. Transmontano 3. Duriense 4. Terras de Cister 5. Beira Atlantico 6. Terras do Dao 7. Terras da Beira 8. Lisboa 9. Tejo 10. Peninsula de setubal 11. Alentejano 12. Algarve 13. Terras Madeirenses 14. Acores
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29
Q

What’s the traditional vine training system in Vinho Verde?

A

Enforcado - high offf the ground training system

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30
Q

What does Vinho Verde mean?

A

Green wine

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31
Q

What is the largest DOP in Portugal?

A

Minho Vinho Verde

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32
Q

Where’s the city Oporto?

A

in Minho vinho Verde

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33
Q

What’s the soil type of vinho Verde?

A

Granite

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34
Q

What’s the main white grape in Vinho Verde?

A
  1. Loureiro 2. Trajadura 3. Avesso 4. Pedema (Arinto) 5. Alvarinho
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35
Q

What’s the main red grapes in Vinho Verde?

A
  1. Vinhao 2. Espadeiro 3. Borracal 4. Alvarelhao
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36
Q

Name the main region of Alvarinho.

A

Moncao e Melgaco

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37
Q

Name subzones of Vinho Verde.

A

Moncao e Melgaco , Lima ,Cavado ,Basto ,Ave ,Amarante ,Sousa ,Baiao ,Paiva

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38
Q

What is French term for slightly sparkling wines. Gain their sparkle from Malo?

A

petillant

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39
Q

What’s the name of subregion in Transmontano?

A

Tras-os-Montes

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40
Q

Name 3 subzones of Tras-os-Montes.

A
  1. Chaves, 2. Valpacos 3 Planalto Mirandes
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41
Q

What is fortified wine in Portugal?

A

Vinho Licoroso

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42
Q

What’s the synonym of Trousseau in Portugal?

A

Bastardo

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43
Q

What are the main grapes of Transmontano?

A

Full bodied Reds. Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Bastardo

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44
Q

True or False: Douro and Porto were part of Transmontano.

A

True. Now, they are part of Duriense

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45
Q

Name 2 DOPs of Duriense.

A
  1. Douro 2. Porto
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46
Q

What’s the Portugal’s first demarcated wine region?

A

Douro

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47
Q

What’s the name of mountain in Douro?

A

Marao and Montemuro Mountains

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48
Q

What’s the main soil type of Port?

A

Schist

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49
Q

What’s the climate of Douro Valley?

A

Continental Climate

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50
Q

Name all 3 subzones of Douro

A
  1. Baixo Corgo - the west, highest density plantings, 2. Cima Corgo - highest total vineyard acreage , 3. Douro Superior - the east, largest,
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51
Q

What is Vinho Licoroso (fortified) under Douro DOP?

A

Moscatel do Douro

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52
Q

Name the most important red grapes in Douro & Porto

A
  1. Touriga Nacional 2. Tinta Roriz 2. Tinto Cao 3. Tinta Barroca
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53
Q

Name the most important white grapes in Douro & Porto

A
  1. Malvasia Fina 2. Viosinho 3. Rabigato 4. Gouveio
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54
Q

What is Moscatel Galego?

A

fortified Moscatel wines in Douro

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55
Q

What’s the minimum age requirement for white reserva in Douro?

A

6 months

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56
Q

What’s the minimum age requirement for red reserva in Douro?

A

1 yr

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57
Q

What’s the rule for gran reserva wine in Douro?

A

gotta be reserva criteria with super high score from blind tasting analysis.

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58
Q

What is Espumanto do Douro?

A

Sparkling wines (Douro)

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59
Q

What is late harvest wines in Douro?

A

Colheita Tardia

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60
Q

Until 1986, All Port wines were required by law to be aged and shipped from ________________________.

A

Vila Nova de Gaia

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61
Q

What’s the most famous Douro Table wine?

A

Barca Velha by Ferreira

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62
Q

Name 4 DOPs formely Beiras.

A
  1. Terras da Beira 2. Terras de Cister 3. Terras do Dao 4. Beira Atlantico
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63
Q

Name the DOP of Beira.

A

Beira Interior DOP

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64
Q

Name 3 Subzones of Beira Interior.

A
  1. Beira Castelo Rodrigo 2. Cova da Beira 3. Pinhel
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65
Q

Name 2 DOP in Terras do Dao.

A
  1. Dao DOP 2. Lafoes DOP
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66
Q

Name all subzones of Dao DOP.

A
  1. Alva 2. Besteiros 3. Castendo 4. Serra da Estrela 5. Silgueiros 6. Terras da Azurara 7. Terras de Senhorim
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67
Q

What’s the min variety requirements for Nobre Tinto wines in Dao?

A

Min 85% combined Touriga Nacional(15%) Alfrocheiro, Aragonez, Jaen, Rufete

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68
Q

What’s the min variety requirements for Nobre Branco wines in Dao?

A

min 85% combined Encruzado (min. 15%), Bical, Cercial, Malvasia Fina, Verdelho

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69
Q

What’s the principal soils in Dao?

A

Granite

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70
Q

What’s the DOP in Terras de Cister?

A

Tavora-Varosa DOP

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71
Q

What’s the main style of the wine in Tavora Varosa?

A

Vinho Espumante

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72
Q

minimum aging period for tinto reserva in Dao

A

24 months

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73
Q

minimum aging period for tinto garrafeira in Dao

A

36mont including 12months in bottle

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74
Q

minimum aging period for tinto nobre in Dao

A

36months

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75
Q

minimum aging period for tinto nobre reserva in Dao

A

42months

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76
Q

minimum aging period for tinto nobre garrafeira in Dao

A

48months including 18months in the bottle

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77
Q

minimum aging period for branco in dao?

A

none

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78
Q

minimum aging period for branco reserva in dao?

A

6 months

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79
Q

minimum aging period for branco Garrafeira in dao?

A

12months including 6months in the bottle

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80
Q

minimum aging period for branco nobre in dao?

A

12months

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81
Q

minimum aging period for branco nobre reserva in dao?

A

12months

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82
Q

minimum aging period for branco nobre garrafeira in dao?

A

18months including 9 months in the bottle

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83
Q

what’s the highest mountain range in Dao?

A

Serra da Estrela

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84
Q

What’s the min ABV % of garrafeira in Dao?

A

11.50%

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85
Q

Where is Bairrada DOP?

A

Beira Atlantico

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86
Q

What is the main red grape in Bairrada?

A

Baga

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87
Q

Name all main red grapes of Bairrada.

A
  1. Baga, must be 50% min, 85% combined 2. Alfrocheiro 3. Camarate 4. Touriga Nacional 5. Castelao 6. Jaen
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88
Q

Name all DOPs of Lisboa from north to south

A
  1. Encostas d’Aire 2. Obidos 3. Lourinha 4. Torres Vedras 5. Alenquer 6. Arruda 7. Bucelas 8. Colares 9. Carvavelos
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89
Q

What’s the authorized garpes in Bucelas?

A

min 75% Arinto, plus Sercial and Rabo de Ovelha

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90
Q

What’s the soil type in Chao de Areia? and where is it? What’s the primary grape?

A

Sand soil, in Colares, Ramisco is the primary grape

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91
Q

What’s the soil type in chao rija? where is chao rija? primary grape?

A

hard soil, colares, Castelao

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92
Q

What’s the primary grape in Colares?

A

Ramisco for chao de areia ,Castelao for chao rija

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93
Q

Which DOP is right next to Lisbon?

A

Carcavelos DOP

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94
Q

What’s the primary grapes in Carvavelos?

A

75% min of Castelao 75% min of arinto

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95
Q

Name 2 DOPs of Peninsula de Setubal.

A
  1. Palmela 2. Setubal
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96
Q

What’s the climate of Peninsula de setubal?

A

Mediterranean

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97
Q

What are the authorized varieties in Palmela?

A

min 66.7% Castelao, Aragonez, Bastardo, Alicante-Bouschet

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98
Q

What is Aragonez?

A

Tinta Roriz

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99
Q

What is Tinta Roriz?

A

Tempranillo

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100
Q

Name 2 areas of Palmela.

A
  1. Palmela Plains (Sandy soil) 2. Arrabida Hills (Limestone)
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101
Q

What is torna viagem?

A

Round trip. Term used to describe the trip Madeira used to make.

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102
Q

What’s the authorized verieties of vinhos licoroso in Peninsula de setubal?

A

67% Moscatel de setubal

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103
Q

What is Moscatel de Setubal?

A

Muscat de Alexandria

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104
Q

Name one producer from Peninsula de Setubal.

A

J.M da Fonseca

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105
Q

What’s the river next to Tejo and Alentejano?

A

Tagus or Tejo River

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106
Q

What is a DOP of Tejo?

A

DoTejo

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107
Q

What is the former name of DoTejo?

A

Ribatejo

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108
Q

What are the predominant red grapes in DoTejo?

A

Castelao

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109
Q

What is the predominant white grape in DoTejo?

A

Fernao Pires

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110
Q

Name all subzones of DoTejo.

A
  1. Almeirim 2. Cartaxo 3. Chamusca 4. Coruche 5. Santarem 6. Tomar
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111
Q

Where is the mountains in Alentejo?

A

Sao Marmede Mountains

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112
Q

What’s the most prominent grape in Alentejo?

A

Trincadeira

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113
Q

What is cork oak in Portugal?

A

Quercus Suber

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114
Q

Which region has largest Quercus Suber?

A

Alentejo

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115
Q

What’s the southermost region in Portugal?

A

Algarve

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116
Q

Name 4 DOP zones of Algarve

A
  1. Largos 2. Lagoa 3. Portimao 4. Tavira
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117
Q

What’s the most dominated red grapes in Algarve?

A

castelao,

118
Q

What’s the most dominated white grapes in Algarve?

A

Arinto,

119
Q

Where is Azores?

A

middle of the Atlantic, volcanic

120
Q

How many islands in Azores?

A

9 total but only 3 of them has DOP status

121
Q

What are the DOPs in Azores?

A
  1. Pico 2. Graciosa 3. Terceira
122
Q

Which Island’s vineyards are sheltered by walls from the black volcanic stones?

A

Azores

123
Q

What’s the min ABV % of Pico DOP?

A

16% after fortification

124
Q

What’s the min aging for Pico DOP?

A

3 years in barrel

125
Q

Name 3 authorized varities in Pico DOP

A
  1. Verdelho 2. Arinto 3. Terrantez
126
Q

which DOP in Azores does produce unfortified wine?

A

Graciosa DOP

127
Q

Name 2 DOPs in Terras Madeirenses

A
  1. Madeira 2. Madeirenses
128
Q

What are the IGPs contained within the ‘Beiras’ zone that was divided in 2011?

A

Terras do Dao, Terras de Cister, Terras da Beira, and Beira Atlantico.

129
Q

What DOPs lie in the Terras do Dao IGP?

A

Dao DOP and Lafoes DOP

130
Q

What is the sole subzone of Beira Atlantico?

A

Terras do Sico

131
Q

What IGP contains Tavora-Varosa DOP?

A

Terras de Cister IGP

132
Q

What two DOPs touch the southern border of the Duoro DOP?

A

Tavora-Varosa, Beira Interior

133
Q

What IGP contains the Bairrada DOP?

A

Beira Atlantico

134
Q

Beira Interior lies in what IGP?

A

Terras de Beira

135
Q

What IGP contains Lafoes DOP?

A

Terras do Dao

136
Q

What IGP contains Dao DOP?

A

Terras do Dao

137
Q

What style of wine is common in Tavora Varosa DOP?

A

sparkling wine

138
Q

What DOP is directly north of Terras do Dao IGP?

A

Tavora-Varosa DOP

139
Q

What grape is a signature component of Dao blends?

A

Touriga Nacional

140
Q

Minimum Touriga Nacional for Dao red nobre wines?

A

15%

141
Q

Minimum Encruzado for Dao white nobre wines?

A

15%

142
Q

What are the aging requirements for red Dao nobre wines?

A

Red nobre wines must undergo a minimum three years aging prior to release and contain a minimum 12% alcohol

143
Q

What are the aging requirements for white Dao nobre wines

A

They undergo one year of aging prior to release and must contain a minimum 11.5% alcohol.

144
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Baga required for reds for Bairrada?

A

50%

145
Q

Where is Pico DOP?

A

Acores

146
Q

What style of wine is Pico DOP known for?

A

Fortified wine

147
Q

What grapes are authorized for Pico DOP fortified wines?

A

Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez

148
Q

What is the southernmost IGP of the Portuguese mainland?

A

Algarve

149
Q

What style of wines are produced from Arinto?

A

whites

150
Q

What is quercus suber?

A

cork trees

151
Q

What is the dominant grape of Alentejo?

A

Trincadeira

152
Q

What IGPs lie on the western coast of Portugal, going from North to South?

A

Terras do Dao, Beira Atlantico, Lisboa, Peninsula de Setubal, Algarve

153
Q

What IGPs lie on the eastern coast of Portugal, going from North to South?

A

Transmontano, Durinese, Terras da Beira, Alentejano, Algarve

154
Q

What region is known for the production of quercus suber?

A

Alentejo

155
Q

What IGP surrounds Tejo IGP on the west?

A

Lisboa

156
Q

Where is DoTejo?

A

Tejo IGP

157
Q

What IGP contains Alentejo

A

Alentejano

158
Q

Where is Palmela DOP?

A

Peninsula de Setubal

159
Q

Where is Setubal DOP?

A

Peninsula de Setubal

160
Q

What are the DOPs of Peninsula de Setubal?

A

Palmela, Setubal

161
Q

What is the premier grape of Palmela DOP?

A

Castelao. 66.7% required

162
Q

What region in Portugal is known for using a similar process to the torna viagem maturation process of Madeira? What grape is used? Who is the most storied producer?

A

Setubal. Muscat d Alexandria, J.M Fonseca

163
Q

What are the DOPs of Acores?

A

Biscoitos, Graciosa, Pico

164
Q

Where is Biscoitos DOP?

A

Acores

165
Q

Where is Graciosa DOP?

A

Acores

166
Q

Where is Pico?

A

Acores

167
Q

What is vinho abafado?

A

partially fermented must with residual sugar preserved with alcohol set aside from another must fermented dry. Particularly in Carcavelos where this will be added back again after fortification to adjust sweetness.

168
Q

What is the only region to have been spared from phylloxera?

A

Colares in Lisboa

169
Q

What is Lourinha known for? Where is it?

A

aguardiente. Lisboa

170
Q

What style of wine is Carcavelos known for?

A

Fortified wine.

171
Q

What are the sub regions of Tras Os Montes?

A

Chaves, Valpacos, and Planalto Mirandes

172
Q

Where is Chaves?

A

Tras Os Montes

173
Q

What is the largest IGP in Portugal?

A

Vinho Verde

174
Q

What is the most planted grape in Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro

175
Q

What is enforcado?

A

Older system of vine training in Vinho Verde.Vines would grow up the trunks of trees, telephone poles, and stakes, creating an overhead canopy. The probability of fungal disease in the wet climate is thus lessened, and other crops are grown beneath the grapes in the densely farmed region, yet the method has been displaced by more modern trellising systems, ines would grow up the trunks of trees, telephone poles, and stakes, creating an overhead canopy. The probability of fungal disease in the wet climate is thus lessened, and other crops are grown beneath the grapes in the densely farmed region, yet the method has been displaced by more modern trellising systems,

176
Q

What is Maria Gomes?

A

Fernao Pires

177
Q

What grape is referred to as Periquita?

A

Castelao

178
Q

What style of wine was raised to commemorate to signing to declaration of independence?

A

madeira

179
Q

What does Colheita Seleccionada indicate?

A

a minimum 1% higher alcohol content than that established by the regional appellation

180
Q

Aging requirements for red garrafeira wines?

A

30 months 1 year in bottle

181
Q

Aging requirements for white and rose garrafeira wines?

A

1 year, 6 months in bottle

182
Q

What does reserva indicate on a Portuguese wine?

A

an alcohol content of at least 0.5% higher than the legal minimum established by the respective DOP or IGP

183
Q

Where is Bucelas?

A

Lisboa

184
Q

What style of wines are produced in Bucelas?

A

Whites. 75% minimum Arinto

185
Q

What style of wines can be produced under the Dao DOP?

A

red, white, rosado or espumante

186
Q

Must the IVDP certify all Duoro wines?

A

Yes

187
Q

How can a wine be labeled gran reserva in Duoro?

A

The IVDP must certify all Douro wines; those that meet reserva criteria and score exceptionally well in blind tasting analysis may use the term grande reserva.

188
Q

What does reserva indicate in Duoro?

A

In the Douro, reserva wines must achieve a minimum alcohol of 11.5% or 12% for white and rosado wines or red wines, respectively, instead of the standard minimum 10.5% (white/rosado) or 11% (red) for the appellation.

189
Q

What is Barca Velha ? What is the significance?

A

A label of Ferreira that in 1952 pioneered the style of Duoro table wines

190
Q

Where does Quinta do Vale Meao produce wine?

A

Duoro

191
Q

What style of wines are produced from Rabigato?

A

whites

192
Q

What are the grapes of Colares?

A

Ramisco or Castelao for red, Malvasia for white

193
Q

What is Tinta Roriz?

A

Tempranillo

194
Q

What is Aragonez?

A

Tinta Roriz, Tempranillo

195
Q

What is bastardo?

A

Trousseau

196
Q

What is the Portuguese synonym for Trousseau?

A

bastardo

197
Q

What are the subregion of the Duoro?

A

Cima Corgo, Baixo Cargo, Duoro Superior

198
Q

Recommend a dry red from Duoro

A

Quinta do Crasto ‘Duoro’

199
Q

Recommend a dry red from Dao

A

Alvaro Castro Quinta da Pellada ‘Touriga Nacional’

200
Q

Recommend a dry red from Beiras

A

Luis Pato Vinha Barossa. Old vine bottling aged in french oak. Pato has therefore decided from the 1999 vintage to label his wines Vinho Regional Beiras rather than have to submit them to the Bairrada authorities.

201
Q

Recommend a white from Portugal using native varieties

A

Alvaro Castro Dao Branco. Blend of Encruzado, Cerceal Branco and Bical.

202
Q

Recommend a sparkling wine from Portugal

A

Luis Pato Maria Gomes Bruto, Beiras

203
Q

What color grape is Bical? Where is it common?

A

White. Beiras.

204
Q

Recommend a sparkling wine from Tavora Varosa

A

Vinho Espumante Murganheira Reserva Bruto .

205
Q

Which DOP in Acores produces dry unfortified wines?

A

Graciosa

206
Q

Where is the Tagus River?

A

tejo

207
Q

What is mencia known as in Bairrada?

A

Jaen

208
Q

What is jaen?

A

mencia

209
Q

What mountains surround the Duoro?

A

Marao and Montemuro Mountains

210
Q

What is the DOP associated with Transmontano IGP?

A

Tras-Os-Montes

211
Q

What are the four DOP zones of Algarve?

A

Lagos, Lagoa, Portimao, and Tavira

212
Q

What are the subregions of DoTejo DOP?

A

Coruche, Chamusca, Cartaxo, Santarem, Tomar, and Almeirim

213
Q

What are the 9 DOPs of Lisboa?

A

Bucelas, Colares, Carcavelos, Arruda, Torres Vedras, Alenquer, Obidos, Lourinha, and Encostas de Aire.

214
Q

Traditional method sparkling wines must be aged for 12 months in what designation?

A

Reserva

215
Q

Reserva Sparkling wines are aged for how long on lees in Portugal?

A

12 months

216
Q

What is a common synonym for Castelao

A

Periquita

217
Q

What is the most planted grape in Portugal?

A

Castelao

218
Q

Who is known for popularizing Castelao under their brand? What is the name of the wine

A

JM fonseca Periquita

219
Q

What are two synonyms for Touriga Nacional

A

Bical Tinto and Mortagua Preto

220
Q

What is Bical Tinto

A

Touriga Nacional

221
Q

Trincadeira is also known as what

A

Tinta Amarela in Port

222
Q

Tinta Amarela is otherwise known as ?

A

Trincadeira

223
Q

Gouveio is also known as ?

A

Godello

224
Q

The Portuguese synonym for Godello?

A

Gouveio

225
Q

Where is Moncao?

A

Vinho Verde

226
Q

What are the soils of Vinho Verde DOP?

A

Patches of schist notably in Moncao, with shallow slopes of granite

227
Q

Describe the climate of Moncao in comparison to the rest of Vinho Verde

A

Rainfall here is lower(the region is relatively inland, protected by hills), and in the summer, temperatures are noticeably higher than in the rest of the region. In this microclimate, the Alvarinho grape gives a full-bodied dry wine with a complex, subtle, fresh aroma reminiscent of apricots, peaches and citrus fruits, and a distinctive mineral quality, with smoky qualities.

228
Q

If labeled as Moncao e Melgaco? What style of wine is allowed?

A

Varietal Alvarinho. Still and sparkling

229
Q

Alvarinho is a speciality of what region of Vinho Verde?

A

Moncao e Melgaco

230
Q

What is Pederna?

A

Arinto

231
Q

Arinto is also known as what?

A

Pederna

232
Q

Which wines are more full body: Whites from Albarino or the typical Vinho Verde blends?

A

Alvarinho.

233
Q

Name a teinturier grape widely planted in Vinho Verde

A

Vinhao

234
Q

Vinho Verde Espumante must spend how much time on lees?

A

9 months

235
Q

Where does Soalheiro produce wine?

A

Vinho Verde

236
Q

What is the wettest region of Durinese? WHy?

A

Baixo Cargo, as it lies just on the eastern edge of the Marao mountains, it catches part of the rain that is usually condensed to the western side of the mountains. It is the coolest and wettest region, the Duoro becomes progressively drier towards the spanish border

237
Q

What are teh mountains that lie on the western edge of the Duoro?

A

Serra do Marao and Serra do Montemuro ( marao and Montemuro mountains)

238
Q

What is the preferred soil for Port?

A

Schist

239
Q

Table wines are usually relegated to what type of soils in the Duoro?

A

Granite. Schist is saved for the best port wines.

240
Q

What is the climate of the Duroo Valley?

A

Continental. hot summers and cold winters.

241
Q

What are the original stone terraces of The Duoro

A

Socalcoes. With high walls and a flat vineyard surface. Vines, often just one or two rows on each terrace, are planted along the contour. Arduous to create, and extremely expense to renovate, these remain the best system to minimise erosion in the valley, which is said to be the region’s biggest problem.

242
Q

What are Socalcoes

A

the original stone terraces of the Duoro. With high walls and a flat vineyard surface. Vines, often just one or two rows on each terrace, are planted along the contour. Arduous to create, and extremely expense to renovate, these remain the best system to minimise erosion in the valley, which is said to be the region’s biggest problem.

243
Q

What are Patamares? Originally and Later?

A

These were the more economical earth banks built instead of vertical stone walls. This allowed the mechanisation of many vineyard operations. Vines are planted along the contour. These are generally regarded as the worst type of system and have not been constructed for around 20 years. The unsupported earth banks are liable to suffer erosion.

244
Q

What was the problem with the patamares?

A

Unsupported banks are liable to suffer erosion. also grapes would ripen unevenly

245
Q

What are the three types of terraces in the Duoro?

A

Socalcos, Patamares, Vino ao Alta

246
Q

What is Vino ao Alta

A

The up and down method. where vines are planted up and down the slope, rather than along the contour. This system is limited to slopes of less than around 35%. It is more efficient because there are no earth embankments taking up valuable slope surface, so vine density is higher than patamares. Erosion remains a risk on higher gradients, as does the ability to successfully operate tractors. Alves de Sousa said this system is “better than the terraces with earth banks because you don’t lose so much ground. There is greater density but some erosion.”

247
Q

What is the name of the classic training system in Vinho Verde?

A

Enforcado

248
Q

What height of vines are prized in Duoro according to Cadastro?

A

Vines trained closer to the ground as they yield riper fruit. Pergolas(Enforcado) are completely excluded from Port production. VInes .8 meters are given 100 points

249
Q

What is the preferred vine density for Port wines

A

3,000 vines per ha

250
Q

What is Sousao?

A

Vinhao

251
Q

What is Vinhao known as in Porto?

A

Sousao

252
Q

Who was Alvaro Moreira de Fonseca?

A

He essentially wrote the book on vineyard classification in the Duoro. His work is what set the standard for the cadastro system and its byproduct that is Beneficio

253
Q

What is Cadastro?

A

The 12 point system for grading vineyards in Porto

254
Q

What is the optimal altitude for Vineyards in port according to Cadastro?

A

Up to 150 meters

255
Q

Name 3 considerations for the Porto Cadastro

A

Altitude, Productivity, Elevation, Training height, soil, slope, aspect, locality, grape varieties, vine density, STONINESS, Shelter, age of vines,

256
Q

Port wines were required to be aged and shipped from Vilanova de Gaia until when?

A

1986

257
Q

Where is Quinta do Vale Meao produced?

A

Duoro Superior

258
Q

What are the soils of the Dao?

A

Granite. Dao is a mountainous region.

259
Q

Describe the climate of the Dao

A

Sheltered by three mountain ranges (particularly Serra de Estrela), it is protected by harsh winds of the continental interior and insulated from wet cool maritime weather systems from the coast. DAO IS A MOUNTAINOUS REGION. Vineyards 650-2900 feet.

260
Q

What is the climate of Bairrada?

A

Mild maritime climate with abundant rainfall

261
Q

What is the best white grape of Bairrada?

A

Bical

262
Q

What are the soils of Bairrada?

A

Clay and sand, with some limestone (Luis Pato-Calcario for limestone)

263
Q

Where is Cova da Beira

A

Beira Interior DOP

264
Q

Where is Pinhel

A

Beira Interior DOP

265
Q

Where is Encoasta de Aire?

A

Lisboa its the largest zone.

266
Q

What wine was referred to as Lisbon Hock int he 19th century?

A

Arinto from Bucelas

267
Q

What are the soils of Colares?

A

Chao de Areia (Sand) is the primary soil. There is also Chao Rija (Calcareous marl) to which different grapes are required for red wines.

268
Q

What is Chao Rija

A

a soil of Colares. a hard calcareous marl. Located more inland

269
Q

Colares reds must be produced from what % of what?

A

Its HIGHLY dependent on the soil. Colares is a area based on Chao de Areia or sand soils. 80% Ramisco. Up to 10% Castelao may be included if from vineyards of the Chao Rija soils where a min of 80% Castelao and Malvisia is required in the vineyards.

270
Q

What is the name of the sandy soils of Castelao

A

Chao de Areia

271
Q

The Peninsula de Setubal is defined by what two estuaries?

A

Tagus and Sado

272
Q

Where is Portalegre?

A

Alentejo DOP. The northern end. Cork trees widespread through here. Herdade do Esporao here.

273
Q

Where does Herdade de Esporao produce wine?

A

Alentejo DOP

274
Q

What is Alicante Bouschet?

A

Petit Bouschet x Grenache

275
Q

Herdado do Mouchao is known for what grape in Alentejo DOP?

A

ALicante Bouschet

276
Q

Name two teinturier grapes commonly grown in Portugal

A

Vinhao, ALicante Bouschet

277
Q

WHat is the southernmost IGP on the Portuguese Mainland?

A

Algarve

278
Q

What are the 4 DOPs of Algarve?

A

Lagos, Lagoa, Portimao, Tavira

279
Q

What are 2 synonyms for Tempranillo in Portugal?

A

Aragonez, Tinta Roriz

280
Q

What is Alfocheiro used for?

A

It is a red grape that is good for adding color to wines in the Dao, and other regions

281
Q

What does Herdade mean?

A

Large farm

282
Q

What does Esporao mean?

A

Spur

283
Q

What variety of Muscat is used for Muscatel de Setubal?

A

Muscat of Alexandria

284
Q

How is Muscatel del Setubal produced

A

Fortified wine is macerated with skins for six months t

285
Q

Name 4 grapes that can be used in Dao whites besides Encruzado

A

Cercial, Bical, Malvasia, Verdelho (Min. 85% Combined including 15% Encruzado for Nobre)

286
Q

Name four grapes that can be used in Dao reds besides Touriga Nacional

A

Jaen, Rufete, Alfocheiro, Aragonez (Min. 85% combined including 15% Touriga Nacional for Nobre)

287
Q

Describe the difference between Dao and Duoro

A

Douro is much warmer than the Dao. Because it’s so mountainous, the Douro does not benefit from cool winds coming off the Atlantic Ocean. Heat gets trapped in the valleys and summer temperatures can easily reach 40C. The mountains also create a rain-shadow effect on much of the region, leaving it quite arid. Hot plus dry is the recipe for ripe, powerfully flavoured grapes.

288
Q

Name 4 white grapes used in Duoro

A

Malvasia Fina, Rabigato, Gouveio, Viosinho

289
Q

White grapes are known as what in Portugal

A

Branco

290
Q

What is the biggest viticultural problem in the Douro?

A

Erosion

Advanced Sommelier Exam (11 decks)

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