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WSET 3 > Spain > Flashcards

Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the northernmost & southernmost latitudes of Spanish Vineyards?

A

43°N Basque Country (Txakoli)
36°N Andalusia (Jerez)

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2
Q

Name the 3 broad climatic zones of Spain?

A

The North & Northwest coast (Atlantic Coast)
- The East Coast (Mediterranean Coast)
- The Meseta Central. High plateau averaging 660 m Alt

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3
Q

What is the climate of the North & Northwest coast of Spain?
What is one notable region of Northwest Spain?

A

Moderate maritime climate dominated by Atlantic weather systems: Rainfall & associated risks is high
Region: Rías Baixas

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4
Q

What is the climate of the East Coast of Spain?
What are some notable regions of the East Coast?

A

Warm Mediterranean climate. Moderation are provided by sea or altitude. The climate becomes increasingly hot further south.
Regions: Catalunya & the Levante

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5
Q

What is the climate of the Meseta Central?
What are some notable regions of the Meseta Central?

A

Hot continental. Freezing winters, hot summers, low rainfalls but COOL NIGHTS provided by ALTITUDE.
North Meseta: Bierzo, Ribera del Duero, Toro, Rueda
South Meseta: La Mancha, Valdepeñas

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6
Q

(Except in the Northwest) how have Spanish growers historically dealt with the heat and lack of water in the country?

A

-Low density planting (for water access to each plants)
-Bush-trained vineyards (for shading fruits)

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7
Q

What is Spain’s premier black grape variety?

A

Tempranillo
Cencibel in Valdepeñas
Ull de Llebre in Penedès

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8
Q

What are 5 other notable Spanish black grapes and their regions?

A

Garnacha: Rosados everywhere and reds of Priorat
Monastrell: Yecla & Jumilla
Graciano : Supporting role in Rioja
Mazuelo/ Cariñena: Rioja & Priorat
Mencia: Bierzo

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9
Q

What are 4 notable white grapes indigenous to Spain?

A

Verdejo (Rueda)
Albariño (Rías Baixas)
Airén (La Mancha) mostly for Brandy de Jerez
Viura (Rioja) also called Macabeu in Catalunya

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10
Q

What are 4 international grape varieties widely grown in the north-east of Spain especially?

A

-Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
-Sauvignon Blanc & Chardonnay

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11
Q

What is the Spanish translation for PDO?

A

Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP)

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12
Q

What is the traditional term used in Spain for PGI wines?

A

Vino de la Tierra (VdlT)

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13
Q

What are Vinos de Pago (VP)?

A

A small number of single estates with high reputation (using their own grapes only, wines are vinified and matures on the estate)

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14
Q

What is DOCa?
What are the only 2 regions concerned by this classification?

A

Denominación de Origen Calificada
Rioja & Priorat are the only 2 DOCa

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15
Q

What are DO?

A

Denominación de Origen.
Guarantees a certain minimum quality, satisfying specifications covering grape varieties, viticulture and location.

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16
Q

What Spanish term indicates no minimum ageing?

A

Genérico (Previously named “Joven” translating as “young”)

17
Q

In Spain, what are the minimum ageing for RED wines labeled
Crianza, Reserva and Gran Reserva
(Expressed in months with minimum in oak)

A

Crianza 24 months 6 of which must be in oak
Reserva 36 months 12 of which must be in oak
Gran Reserva 60 months 18 of which must be in oak

18
Q

What are the principal city, main river and mountain range of Rioja?

A
  • Logorño city
  • Ebro River
  • Cantabrian Mountains (Cordillera Cantábrica)
19
Q

What are the 3 distinct sub-regions of Rioja?

A

Rioja Alavesa (North of the Ebro, at the foothills of the Calabrian Mt.)
Rioja Alta (to the west, on altitude 500 to 800m & receiving mild atlantic influences)
Rioja Oriental (Previously called “Baja”) to the east, with more Mediterranean influence (dry)

20
Q

What 4 key grapes make the red wines of Rioja?

A

Tempranillo (for black & red fruit and structure)
Garnacha (for red fruit & high alcohol potential)
Mazuelo & Graciano (supporting role)

21
Q

What are some typical winemaking options for a producer in Rioja?

A

Different styles are possible from Joven to Gran Reserva
Semi-carbonic maceration for early drinking fruity styles
De-stemmed, crushed, vigorous cap management & extended maceration for extracted examples
Oak from France or America

22
Q

What region, located to the north of Rioja (and the Ebro River makes Tempranillo-based reds and Garnacha-based Rosados as well as tiny quantities of white wines?

A

Navarra

23
Q

What 2 regions located south of the Ebro river have warm continental climate suitable for Garnacha & Cariñena

A

Cariñena & Calatayud

24
Q

Which region has a generic DO for still wines covering the north-east of Spain?

A

Catalunya

25
Q

What hilly region, inland from Tarragona has a dry & hot climate and llicorella soils particularly suited for the late ripening old vine Garnacha and Cariñena?

A

Priorat

26
Q

What are some reasons why Priorat wines are never cheap?

A

-Bush vines & steep slopes mean that meccanization is impossible; therefore extremely labor intensive and expensive
-Pour soils giving very small yields mean that tiny quantities of concentrated and complex wines are available to the market.

27
Q

What river taking its source in the south of Rioja flows through Spain and Portugal?

A

The Ribera del Duero (in Spanish) Douro (in Portugese)

28
Q

What are the key topographic features in the Riebera del Duero and their impact on the red wines produced there?

A

The Meseta Central (continental) means hot summer suitable for Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot and Garnacha for rosados
The Altitude 850 m provokes COOL nights to help retain acidity and fresh fruit characteristics.

29
Q

What other Meseta region has a similar climate to the Ribera del Duero and produces principally Tempranillo-based red wines?

A

Toro

30
Q

It focuses on the production of white wines (Verdejo & Sauvignon blanc- based wines sometimes blended together. (Styles range from simple fruity to rich, barrel-fermented versions)

A

It focuses on the production of white wines (Verdejo & Sauvignon blanc- based wines sometimes blended together. (Styles range from simple fruity to rich, barrel-fermented versions)

31
Q

What region at the north west limit of the Meseta Central receives some cooling maritime influences enabling the production of Mencia-based fruity reds, which are sometimes aged in new oak for toasty aromas?

A

Bierzo

32
Q

How have producers of Rias Baixas been able to offset the impact of wet humid conditions provided by the Atlantic to produce refreshing white wines?

A

Choice of a thick skin white grape: Albariño
Pergola for air circulation around fruit bunches
Choice of winemaking (mostly but not always unoaked)

33
Q

What is the main grape planted in Valencia, Jumilla and Yecla for the production of value-for-money red wines.

A

Monastrell (Mourvèdre)

34
Q

What is the largest DO in Spain?
What does it produce mostly?

A

La Mancha
Production of Airén for neutral white wines
Tempranillo & international grape for inexpensive but well-made wines
Home of many Vinos de Pago

35
Q

What region, located south of La Mancha has build a reputation for quality Tempranillo/ Cencibel-based wines from fruity to oak-matured in style.

A

Valdepeñas DO

WSET 3 (31 decks)

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