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SPAATZ AEROSPACE > SPAATZ AEROSPACE 9,10,18,19 > Flashcards

SPAATZ AEROSPACE 9,10,18,19 Flashcards

1
Q

Knowing where you are, where you are going and how to get there

A

Navigation

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2
Q

The basic grid system (graticule) for Earth uses 18 primary great circles going north-south. These lines are called lines of

A

Longitude

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3
Q

The parallels have 10 degrees spacing between them from the equator to the poles and are known as lines of

A

Latitude

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4
Q

The starting point, or zero degrees, is the great circle line that passes from the North Pole to the South through Greenwich, England

A

Prime Meridian

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5
Q

Most useful when the map only shows a very small part of the Earth’s surface

A

Mercator projections

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6
Q

Made by wrapping a flat map folded into a cone, around the globe. This makes a map that is more useful for longer distance travel near the middle parts of the Earth

A

Lambert-Conformal maps

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7
Q

Most commonly used aeronautical chart

A

Sectional aeronautical chart

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8
Q

The term used to describe elevations

A

Relief

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9
Q

Used to show changes in elevation smaller than the 1,000-foot color-tint scheme

A

Contour lines

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10
Q

In the very hilly or mountainous areas, another technique is used to give the impression of relief

A

Pictorial presentation

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11
Q

If the airport is unpaved (symbol)

A

Magenta circle

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12
Q

If the airport has facilities (symbol)

A

Four small projections, or ticks, radiate outward from the circle

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13
Q

Closed airports (symbol)

A

Circle with a “X”

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14
Q

Uncontrolled Airports (symbol)

A

Magenta

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15
Q

Controlled Airport (symbol)

A

Blue

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16
Q

A general term for airspace that has several subdivisions and is shown on aeronautical charts

A

Controlled airspace

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17
Q

Largest area of controlled airspace

A

Continental control area

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18
Q

Continental control area starts at

A

14,500 feet

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19
Q

Three-dimensional highways in the sky and are another subdivision of controlled airspace

A

Airways

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20
Q

Pilots are expected to exercise extreme caution when flying through such areas

A

Warning and alert areas

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21
Q

A special segment of the airspace where military flight-training activities are conducted

A

Military operations area

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22
Q

A sometimes-flown, low-level training route appearing on sectional aeronautical charts

A

Military training route

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23
Q

Show extreme detail around airfields so that the pilot can study the takeoff and landing areas closely

A

Terminal Area Charts

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24
Q

The location of Earth’s north geographic pole

A

True north

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25
Q

Only non-electronic means the pilot has of determining the airplane’s distance above the surface

A

Altimeter

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26
Q

A measure of how fast your aircraft is going across the surface of the Earth

A

Ground speed

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27
Q

A tool used by the pilot to figure out where wind drift will cause the aircraft to fly over the ground

A

Wind triangle

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28
Q

Navigating by reference to visible landmarks

A

Pilotage

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29
Q

Calculating one’s current position by using a previously determined position

A

Dead reckoning

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30
Q

Used to determine direction, but it does not provide as much information to the aviator as the VOR

A

Automatic direction finder

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31
Q

Self-contained unit located within the aircraft that needs only to be programmed for a starting point and destination

A

Inertial Navigation

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32
Q

Used only within a short distance from the airport and only when the purpose is to land the airplane

A

Instrument landing system

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33
Q

Mines (symbol)

A

Picks and sledgehammers

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34
Q

Highway (symbol)

A

Black or magenta lines

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35
Q

Victor airways and are based on the locations of radio navigation stations, which are called …

A

Very-High-Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range (VOR)

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36
Q

The most important part of the airport is the…

A

Runway

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37
Q

Roads that aircraft use to get to the runway

A

Taxiway

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38
Q

Parking spots for aircraft

A

Ramps and hangers

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39
Q

A voice recording of a tower controller. The recording tells pilots about the wind, clouds, visibility and any restrictions that the runways may have

A

Automated Terminal Information System (ATIS)

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40
Q

A service station for airplanes

A

Fixed base operation (FBO)

41
Q

Designed to handle people, baggage and cargo

A

Passenger Terminal

42
Q

Provides all types of weather information to pilots. It gives forecasts and current weather along the route of flight

A

Flight Service Station

43
Q

Sometimes called “an ocean of air surrounding the Earth.”

A

The atmosphere

44
Q

A complex mixture of molecules and atoms

A

Atmosphere

45
Q

That region in which most people live, work, play and fly

A

Troposphere

46
Q

In this region, temperature goes up with increase in altitude

A

The Stratosphere and Stratopause

47
Q

From 50 miles outward to about 300 miles

A

Thermosphere

48
Q

Special region, or global shell, that extends from about 10 to 30 miles altitude

A

Ozonosphere

49
Q

Begins at an altitude of about 25 miles and extends outward to about 250 miles

A

Ionosphere

50
Q

The shell, or region, below the ionosphere that extends down to the surface of the Earth

A

Neutrosphere

51
Q

It overlaps the ozonosphere and ionosphere and begins at about the stratopause, includes the mesosphere, and sometimes the lower part of the thermosphere

A

Chemosphere

52
Q

Extends from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of about 60 miles. That region in which the gaseous composition and mixing are relatively constant

A

Homosphere

53
Q

Begins around the 55- to 60-mile altitude. Molecules and atoms of the gases are spaced much farther apart. At this altitude, gravity influences them according to mass and they take on a vertical arrangement

A

Heterosphere

54
Q

Begins in that region where the atmosphere’s molecules and atoms are so far apart they would have to travel as far as 100 miles before running into another molecule or atom

A

Exosphere

55
Q

Indicates how tightly the particles of matter are packed together

A

Density

56
Q

The temperature at or below which water vapor will condense

A

Dew Point

57
Q

The atmosphere is in constant…

A

Motion

58
Q

When one molecule (energized to a higher level of molecular motion through the heating process), contacts another molecule, the second molecule absorbs some of this heat

A

Conduction

59
Q

Any heat transfer by vertical motion

A

Convection

60
Q

Temperature will be transferred horizontally over the surface of the Earth by blowing winds or moving air masses

A

Advection

61
Q

Transfers heat energy without changing the temperature of anything between the source of energy and the object heated

A

Radiation

62
Q

The rate at which the Earth’s surface is heated by solar radiation

A

Insolation

63
Q

A comparatively narrow current of air which moves around the Northern (and Southern) Hemispheres of the Earth in wavelike patterns

A

Jet stream

64
Q

The condition of the atmosphere at any particular time and place

A

Weather

65
Q

Large body of air

A

Air mass

66
Q

A _____ air mass is cold

A

Polar

67
Q

A ______ air mass is hot

A

Tropical

68
Q

A _____ air mass is humid

A

Maritime

69
Q

A ____ air mass is dry

A

Continental

70
Q

The boundaries between air masses of different characteristics

A

Fronts

71
Q

General direction of travel across the United States is from the northwest to southeast. Travel very far south, even in the summertime. The energy of a depends on the amount of cold air that comprises the high-pressure cell behind it

A

Cold fronts

72
Q

Connected to a low-pressure cell, extends eastward from it and travels northeastward

A

Warm front

73
Q

When air masses lose their “punch” and are not replacing one another

A

Stationary front

74
Q

Formed when a warm air mass, lying between two cold air masses, is lifted up by the cold air mass behind it

A

Occluded front

75
Q

The three general types of clouds

A

Cumulus (piled up)
Stratus (layered)
Cirrus (high, thin appearance)

76
Q

Beginning at the lower altitudes, between 300 and 6,500 feet, the stratus, cumulus, stratocumulus, cumulonimbus and nimbostratus types of clouds are found

A

Low

77
Q

First identified by the prefix “alto’’ (high, but not highest). At middle altitude, which is between 6,500 feet and 20,000 feet, the stratus and cumulus shapes are
found, but are known as altostratus and altocumulus

A

Middle

78
Q

At 20,000 feet and up, cirrus types appear

A

High

79
Q

Describe a broken stratus layer

A

Fracto

80
Q

A special type of cloud that frequently forms as strong winds sweep up and over the tops of high mountains

A

Lenticular

81
Q

Has a smooth appearance. It indicates to pilots that no turbulence (bumpiness) is associated
with the cloud

A

Stratus and altostratus

82
Q

This cloud has numerous bumps on the topside and usually is rather thick

A

Stratocumulus

83
Q

Has a harmless, puffy, cotton-ball appearance with a horizontal dark base. It is known as fair-weather

A

Cumulus

84
Q

A surface-based cloud because it develops within the atmosphere

A

Fog

85
Q

An atmospheric condition in which changes in speed and direction of the wind occur

A

Wind Shear

86
Q

Caused when a column of air is quickly cooled (usually by rain) and rapidly falls towards the Earth

A

Microburst

87
Q

May exist at different places and altitudes, but be completely invisible

A

Clear air turbulence

88
Q

Occurs when warm waters move in and displace the colder waters for a longer than normal period of time

A

El nino

89
Q

Ocean temperature off the coast of South America is colder than normal for a longer than normal period

A

La nina

90
Q

Moist and warm air mass formed over subtropical waters

A

Maritime tropical

91
Q

Body of air with generally the same temperature and moisture content

A

Air mass

92
Q

Boundary between two air masses

A

Front

93
Q

Cold and dry air mass

A

Continental polar

94
Q

Moist air is blown over a cold surface

A

Advection fog

95
Q

Moist air is carried by wind up a mountain until the air is cooled

A

Upslope fog

96
Q

Upslope fog

A

High-inversion fog

97
Q

Forms when the land surface cools the air above it to below the dew point

A

Radiation fog

98
Q

Most common types of clouds\\

A

Cumulus, stratus, cirrus

SPAATZ AEROSPACE (6 decks)

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