SPAATZ AEROSPACE 5,6,7,8 Flashcards by Priscilla Gatewood

The postwar years (after World War II)

Cold War

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The Army Air Forces of World War II became the United States Air Force (USAF). (ACT NAME AND DATE)

National Security Act, on July 26, 1947

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First Chief of Staff of USAF

General Carl Spaatz

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This newly formed United States Air Force’s primary mission was

Deterrence

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Designed the world’s first turbojet engine for use in an airplane

Frank Whittle

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The first jet in the world to fly

Germany’s Heinkel HE-178, which was first flown on August 22, 1939

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USA First Jet Aircraft

Bell XP-59 Airacomet, on October 1, 1942

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first U.S.-produced jet fighter

Lockheed F-40 (originally designated the P-80A) Shooting Star,

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Developed the V2

Wernher von Braun

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First successful military helicopter

Sikorsky R-4

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The blockade prevented any surface transportation into or out of Berlin

The Berlin Blockade

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Air power would be used to fly over the roadblocks and into the city of Berlin

Berlin Airlift

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North Korea, an Ally of the Soviet Union, invaded
South Korea on

June 25th 1950

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Most of the targets during the Korean War were really…in nature

Tactical

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The first all-jet air battle in history was won by an American F-80 piloted by

Lieutenant Russell J. Brown

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2 weapons used in Korea

-Rockets
-Napalm bombs

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When was the Korean cease fire signed

July 27, 1953

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Lesson learned in Korea

-Nuclear arsenal isn’t enough to prevent war
-The U.S was not prepared for the war
-Forgot the benefits of centralised control and decentralized execution

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All of the thrust is provided by the jet exhaust

Pure jet

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World’s first turboprop airliner

Vickers Viscount

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World’s first “pure” jet airliner

DeHavilland Comet 1

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The first commercial air service begun and operated by a black pilot

James O. Plinton inter-island air service

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Founded in 1915 to do government-funded research in aeronautics

National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA)

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Date, plane, and person broke sound bearer

October 14, 1947, Charles “Chuck” Yeager, bell X-1

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Date, plane, and person TWICE speed of sound

November 1953, Scott Crossfield, D-558-II Skyrocket

Why swept back wings are important

They are more efficient at high speeds and, in fact, are almost a requirement for supersonic flight

Problem with swept back wings

Do not produce enough lift at low speeds to keep the aircraft flying

The United States Air Force's first all-jet bomber

B-47 Stratojet

Vietnamese communist separatists who started the separatist movement

Viet Minh

Allowed President Johnson to "take all necessary measures to repel an armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression."

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Basic idea was to gradually turn the fighting over to the South Vietnamese after building up their supplies and fighting abilities

Vietnamization

Designed to not only bomb the Vietnamese to the negotiating table, it was designed to cut off North Vietnam from Chinese and Soviet supplies, and destroy their ability to make war

Operation Linebacker

Worlds first production supersonic fighter

F-100

Built to supercede the B-47 because it had more range

B-52

What plane had a revolutionary new wing design called the laminar-flow wing

P-51

First VTOL aircraft

Flying bedstead

A joint Air Force, Navy and NACA project aimed at building an airplane that could fly at a speed of 4,500 mph and reach an altitude of 250,000 feet

X-15

Supersonic replacement for the B-52. This aircraft would have to fly three times the speed of sound and at an altitude of 70,000 feet

XB-70

Built in the early 1980s to demonstrate the capabilities of forward-swept wings

X-29A

Changes form during flight for optimum lift under different circumstances and can be rotated to different positions for the best aerodynamic characteristics

Oblique-wing aircraft (OWA)

Produces lift by creating pressure differences on its upper and lower surfaces

Airfoil

Placed in a vertical position at the end of the wings, eliminates the vortices and improves the efficiency of the wing

Winglets

Horizontal surfaces forward of the main wings and are used for trim and control

Carnards

Increases maneuverability and can allow the main wings of an aircraft to be smaller and lighter

Use of carnards

First short haul jet

French Caravelle I

First twin engine aircraft

Beechcraft Twin Bonanza

First turbojet business and executive aircraft

British Hawker Siddeley 125

Using composite materials for the majority of the aircraft's primary structures

Airbus A-320

TU-144 is ... Concorde is ... Model 2707 is...

Russian, British/French, American

Most successful jet ever built

Boeing 727

The science and art of flight through the atmosphere

Aeronautics

The science relating to the energy of gases in motion

Aerodynamics

Standard pressure

29.92

Air at higher alltitudes has ... pressure than low air

Lower

Measure of the energy within a gas

Temperature

How many molecules are squeezed into a given volume

Density

Defined as a fluid's resistance to flow

Viscosity

Occurs when an object is placed in the path of moving air

Viscous drag

The smooth, and more desirable flow, is known as

Laminar Flow

Given credit for determining the correct mathematical value for the speed of sound

Ernst Mach

Designed specifically to cause a dynamic reaction from the air through which it moves

Airfoil

Immediately behind the leading edge, there is the upper and lower...

Camber

Positive camber curves ... from the centerline while negative camber moves... the centerline of the airfoil

Away, toward

Surfaces must come together at the rear of the wing. This thin junction is called...

Trailing edge

Connects the leading with the trailing edge

Chord

Opposite the flight path and impacts the airfoil at any angle to the chord line

Relative Wind

The angle created by the pilot during takeoff

Angle of Attack

Given credit for developing the laws that explain how a wing lifts

1738, Daniel Bernoulli

As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure...

Decreases

4 forces of flight

Lift, weight, drag, thrust

Graphic mathematical illustration showing both direction and magnitude

Vector

Induced lower pressure on the top of the wing due to the camber

Induced lift

The force that propels the aircraft forward

Thrust

Friction of air particles rubbing against the parts of the airplane

Friction Drag

Big plate that sticks out into the wind and creates an enormous amount of form drag

Speedbreak

Came from the low pressure air on the top of the wing

Induced lift

Came from the high-pressure air on the bottom

Dynamic lift

The churning of air

Turbulence

When air flows across a shock wave it undergoes a change in temperature, pressure, and velocity.

Wave drag

Each airplane has a total weight limitation

Maximum gross weight

The sudden displacement of air and the resulting wedge-shaped wave is called a

Shock wave

Running from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail

Longitudinal axis

Motion about the longitudinal axis

Roll (aileron movement)

Running from one wingtip through the fuselage and exiting the other wingtip

Lateral Axis

Motion about the lateral axis

Pitch (elevator movement)

Passes vertically through the meeting point of the longitudinal and lateral axes

Vertical Axis

Motion about the verticall axis

Yaw (rudder movement)

2 types of common engines

Reciprocating and turbine engine

Power the conventional vehicles used for transportation, work and pleasure

Reciprocating engines

Means that certain engine parts move back and forth in straight-line motion

Reciprocating

The central area where fuel is converted into energy

Cylinder

The action end of an aircraft's reciprocating engine because it converts the useful energy of the engine into thrust as it spins around and around

Propeller

Invented the ramjet in 1913

Rene Lorin

Increases the camber of the wing

Flap

Protrusions from the leading edge of a wing. They also add to the induced lift of a wing and can be found on the more sophisticated flap systems

Slats

Consists of two wheels forward of the aircraft's center of gravity and a third, small wheel at the tail

Conventional

Work to destroy lift

Spoilers

An arrangement where the main gear consists of two sets of wheels which are located one behind the other on the fuselage

Tandem

Includes everything that involves delivery of fuel to the engine

Fuel system

Lead from each fuel tank to distribute the fuel throughout the aircraft

Fuel lines