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SPAATZ AEROSPACE > SPAATZ AEROSPACE 21,23,24 > Flashcards

SPAATZ AEROSPACE 21,23,24 Flashcards

1
Q

Based on the propelling of a vehicle by a reactive force

A

Rocketry

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2
Q

Rocket engine does not use … a jet engine does

A

Air

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3
Q

Rockets were first used by the _______ in 1220

A

Chinese

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4
Q

Devised a rocket that was propelled by gunpowder

A

Konrad Kyeser von Eichstadt

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5
Q

Experimented with rockets weighing over 100
pounds

A

Christopher Friedrich von Geissler

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6
Q

He standardized the composition of gunpowder explosives, added flight-stabilizing guide sticks and built the first viable launching pad. Increased range of rockets

A

Colonel William Congreve

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7
Q

Made spin stabilization

A

William Hale

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8
Q

Made the first computations for rocket flights into space

A

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky

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9
Q

Rockets were used to carry signal flares to light up the battlefield at night and to carry messages

A

World War 1

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10
Q

First scientist to use liquid propellants (liquid oxygen and gasoline) in a rocket. He also developed mechanisms for correcting deviations from planned flight paths

A

Dr. Robert H. Goddard

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11
Q

The term used to describe the force of attraction that exists between all matter within the universe

A

Gravity

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12
Q

Experimented on gravity by dropping a solid iron ball from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. His experiments illustrated that objects of varying weight will strike the ground at the same time if they are released simultaneously and from the same height

A

Galileo

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13
Q

The tendency of a rotating body to move away from its center of rotation. EX: moon and earth

A

Centrifugal effect

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14
Q

Defines the relationship of force, weight and mass. This law states that two bodies attract each other with a force directly proportional to their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

A

Newtons law of universal gravitation

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15
Q

Mass enables matter to

A

Occupy space

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16
Q

A body in a state of rest and a body in motion tend to remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by some outside force

A

Newtons first law

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17
Q

The rate of change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force acting upon the body and is in the direction of the force

A

Newtons second law

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18
Q

To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

Newtons third law

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19
Q

When launching a rocket vertically, the propulsion system must produce enough force (thrust) to overcome the inertia of the launch vehicle-Which one of Newtons laws

A

First

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20
Q

Large rockets liftoff their launch pads. At the moment of liftoff, the total mass (or weight) of the rocket is only slightly less than the force being produced by the engines. However, every second the rocket’s mass is being decreased by burning and expelling the rocket propellant as thrust-Which one of Newtons laws

A

Second

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21
Q

Heart of rocketry The thrust (forward
motion or push) produced is a reactive force acting in a direction opposite to the direction of the exhaust-Which one of Newtons laws

A

Third

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22
Q

Systems of a rocket

A

Airframe system
Propulsion System
Guidance System
Control System

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23
Q

What the rocket is carrying

A

Payload

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24
Q

Serves to contain the other systems and to
provide the streamlined shape

A

Airframe system

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25
Q

Includes the propellant used, the containers for the propellant, all plumbing that may be required to get the propellant from the containers to the engine, and the rocket engine itself. In other words, everything directly associated with propelling the rocket

A

Propulsion System

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26
Q

A self-contained electronic unit that employs a computer and an inertial platform and may also have a star-tracking unit for space navigation

A

Guidance System

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27
Q

Carries out the flight path

A

Control System

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28
Q

Means thrust and is the measure of how much thrust will be obtained from a propellant

A

Impulse

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29
Q

The number of pounds of thrust delivered by consuming one pound of propellant (oxidizer/fuel mixture) in one second

A

Specific impulse

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30
Q

What the number of Isp represents

A

Represents the seconds during which 1 pound of thrust could be provided by burning 1 pound of propellant

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31
Q

Built first launching pad

A

William Hale

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32
Q

Used more powerful liquid propellants

A

Dr. Hermann Oberth

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33
Q

The product of mass and velocity

A

Momentum

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34
Q

The cause of motion

A

Force

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35
Q

Rate a body moves when force is applied

A

Velocity

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36
Q

Application of force over time

A

Acceleration

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37
Q

A path described by one body in its revolution about another body

A

Orbit

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38
Q

Property that causes a body at rest to remain at rest and, a body in motion to remain in motion in a straight line at a constant velocity

A

Inertia

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39
Q

Path of a body through space

A

Trajectory

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40
Q

A trajectory that does not result in an orbit

A

Closed trajectory

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41
Q

An orbit that maintains a virtually constant altitude above the Earth’s surface

A

Circular orbit

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42
Q

Any closed orbit that is not circular. All elliptical orbits around Earth have an apogee and a perigee

A

Elliptical orbit

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43
Q

The satellite travels from west to east over the Earth’s equator. Some satellite orbits incline to the Equator a certain number of degrees

A

Equatorial orbit

44
Q

In launching a spacecraft to the Moon or to another heavenly body, it is necessary to accelerate the spacecraft to its escape velocity (about 25,000 mph). The velocity of the spacecraft is so high and the inertia is so great that the spacecraft comes under the influence of another body’s gravity before it reaches its apogee

A

Escape trajectory

45
Q

That point in the orbital trajectory or flight path where the orbiting body is most distant from the body being orbited

A

Apogee

46
Q

That point where the orbiting body is closest to the body being orbited

A

Perigee

47
Q

Means the velocity required in order to travel a certain path

A

Velocity requirment

48
Q

In space how fast you go determines…

A

Where you go

49
Q

At the moment a rocket engine ceases to produce thrust

A

BURNOUT!!!!!!!!!

50
Q

The velocity that is required to place a spacecraft on its intended trajectory must be attained at…

A

Burnout

51
Q

Represents the adding together of all the velocity requirements for all stages of the mission

A

Total velocity

52
Q

The study of the arc of a nonorbiting body

A

Ballistics

53
Q

Primarily concerned with propelling an object from one place on Earth’s surface to another place or target on Earth’s surface

A

Ballistics

54
Q

The route of its trajectory projected downward and plotted on the surface of the Earth

A

Ground track

55
Q

Trajectory of a sounding rocket

A

Straight up

56
Q

Old term associated with measuring or sampling the depths of a body of water

A

Sounding

57
Q

Rocket sent into, or even beyond the atmosphere, on a one-way trip to gather information

A

Sounding rocket

58
Q

Published a scientific paper on the most economical way to boost a satellite into a chosen circular orbit

A

Walter Hohmann

59
Q

The vehicle is first placed in a low-elliptical parking orbit. When the vehicle swings around to perigee, sufficient thrust is applied to push the vehicle to apogee at the desired altitude

A

Hohmann transfer

60
Q

The satellite is in an equatorial orbit at a distance where the satellite’s period of revolution is the
same as the Earth’s period of rotation—24 hours

A

Geostationary orbit

61
Q

Involves a path that crosses or nearly crosses the North and South Poles during each orbit

A

Polar orbit

62
Q

This is another form of polar orbit that keeps a satellite exposed to constant sunlight

A

Sunsynchronous Orbit

63
Q

A type of power plant that is used to propel something (payload)

A

Rocket

64
Q

A rocket-propelled vehicle with a weapon or warhead as the payload

A

Missile

65
Q

Only reusable launch vehicle

A

Space shuttle

66
Q

To take advantage of the speed from Earth’s rotation, rockets should be fired to the…

A

East

67
Q

Chance to photograph entire surface

A

Polar orbit

68
Q

A place which extends infinitely in all directions and contains all the stars, planets and galaxies in the universe

A

Space

69
Q

Air Force and NASA define space starting at

A

50 miles

70
Q

Point at which an orbiting object will stay in orbit

A

80 miles

71
Q

The space between the Earth and the Moon

A

Cislunar space

72
Q

Measured from the center of the Sun to the orbit of its outermost planet

A

Interplanetary space

73
Q

The distance between the extent of one solar system, and the beginning of another solar system

A

Intersteller space

74
Q

The distance a photon can travel in one of Earth’s calendar years

A

Light year

75
Q

3.26 light years

A

Parsec

76
Q

The force at the center of our solar system

A

Sun

77
Q

The nuclear fusion of atoms under pressure and heat into different atoms

A

Thermonuclear reaction

78
Q

Scientists now know that the Sun’s magnetic field has a memory and returns to approximately the same configuration of each…

A

11-year solar cycle

79
Q

Composed of charged particles ejected from the Sun that flow continuously through interplanetary space. Steady emissions made up of many different types of atoms and ions

A

Solar wind

80
Q

Solar atmosphere consist of

A

Photosphere
Chromosphere
Corona

81
Q

The portion of the Sun which gives light is a very thin shell called the

A

Photosphere

82
Q

A phenomena associated with the photosphere. These spots are enormous areas where the photosphere is dark—somewhat like looking into a hole through the photosphere

A

Sunspots

83
Q

Above the photosphere. It is characterized by spicules that apparently jet straight up from the area of the granules described above

A

Chromosphere

84
Q

An enormous area of faint white light that visibly extends outward from the Sun’s surface

A

Carona

85
Q

Observed the Sun in its quietest state in 1996 and will continue in operation to 2003, which will provide the opportunity for it to observe the Sun at its most tumultuous

A

Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

86
Q

Flashes brilliant colors in varying patterns across the northern skies

A

Aurora borealis (or northern lights)

87
Q

Part of the atmosphere divided by its electrical activity. It gets its name from the gas particles that are ionized or charged

A

Ionosphere

88
Q

Contains almost all of its mass in a central body or nucleus, which is a tight cluster of smaller particles called neutrons and protons

A

Atom

89
Q

An atom that carries a positive or negative electrical charge as a result of losing or gaining one or more electrons

A

Ion

90
Q

Region of the Earth’s atmosphere where ionized gas plays a big part in the dynamics of the atmosphere and where the geomagnetic field plays an important role

A

Magnetosphere

91
Q

Energetic charged particles from all over the galaxy and beyond continuously rain down upon the Earth. These atomic particles, mostly electrons and the nuclei of atoms, are called

A

Cosmic rays

92
Q

What causes Van Allen Belts

A

Sun

93
Q

Characterized by a sudden onset of radiation bursts in which the magnetic field undergoes marked changes in the course of an hour or less

A

Magnetic Storms

94
Q

Interfere with the reflectivity of the ionosphere and cause it to actually absorb radio transmissions rather than reflect them

A

Magnetic Storms

95
Q

When the solar disturbances are observable only in the polar areas

A

Polar Magnetic Storms

96
Q

Very effective at blocking radiation from reaching the Earth

A

Ozone

97
Q

Oxygen atoms find each other and form groups of three

A

Ozone

98
Q

Occurs when moving parts fit with only a tiny air space between them

A

Cold welding

99
Q

Occurs when one part of a spacecraft gets charged and has a different charge than another part of the craft

A

Differential charging

100
Q

Areas of lower density in the Sun’s “crown”

A

Corona holes

101
Q

Hair-like phenomena that characterizes the chromosphere

A

Spicules

102
Q

Non-cyclic eruptions that can harm space assets

A

Solar flares

103
Q

There are … other solar systems in our galaxy

A

100 Billion

104
Q

How many light years to travel to next solar system

A

4

105
Q

when tiny bubbles of gas escape from the materials of the spacecraft due to the vacumm of space

A

Outgassing

106
Q

Rockets were first attached to aircraft in

A

World War 1

SPAATZ AEROSPACE (6 decks)

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