SPAATZ AEROSPACE 25, 26, 27 Flashcards
1
Q
Planet closest to the Sun-36 million miles from the Sun
A
Mercury
2
Q
Revolves around the sun every 88 days
A
Mercury
3
Q
Mariner 10 visited
A
Mercury
4
Q
Has a rocky, crusty surface with many craters resembling the craters of Earth’s Moon
A
Mercury
5
Q
Iron core that extends through most of the planet
A
Mercury
6
Q
Second planet from the Sun and is nearest to Earth in both distance and size
A
Venus
7
Q
Orbits the Sun once every 225 Earth days and takes an astounding 240 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis
A
Venus
8
Q
Virtually covered in a thick blanket of clouds
A
Venus
9
Q
Only planet to rotate clockwise
A
Venus
10
Q
Solar system’s hottest planet with a surface temperature of almost 900° F
A
Venus
11
Q
Most visited by our spacecraft
A
Venus
12
Q
Moons period of orbit around earth
A
27 Days, 7 Hours, 43 Minutes
13
Q
Missions that sent 12 astronauts to the moon
A
Apollo
14
Q
Moon creator. Measures 1,200 feet deep and is 1 mile wide
A
Hadley Rille
15
Q
Dark gray rock with tiny holes from which gas has escaped
A
Basalt
16
Q
This rock is composed almost entirely of one mineral, feldspar
A
Anorthosite
17
Q
A combination rock formed when meteorites broke up the surface and the pieces were welded together by the heat and pressure of impact processes
A
Breccia
18
Q
Also called the Red Planet, appears as a small
A
Mars
19
Q
The atmosphere is very thin and is composed mainly of carbon dioxide. Has about half of the gravity of Earth
A
Mars
20
Q
Surface is covered with deserts, high mountains, deep craters and huge volcanoes
A
Mars
21
Q
Planet that has the highest known mountain in our solar system. It is over 400 miles across and 17 miles high (about 90,000 feet high)
A
Mars
22
Q
Planet that has the highest known mountain in our solar system. It is over 400 miles across and 17 miles high (about 90,000 feet high)
A
Mars
23
Q
Has two moons, which are called Deimos (Terror) and Phobos (Fear)
A
Mars
24
Q
Moved around the surface of the planet to investigate the atmosphere and the composition of the Martian rocks and soil
A
Sojourner
25
The largest planet in the solar system. It has three times the mass of all of the other eight planets put together
Jupiter
26
Rotates very quickly, about every 10 hours. This causes a flattening effect at the poles and a bulging effect at the Equator
Jupiter
27
A giant hurricane-like storm that is 30,000 miles long and 10,000 miles wide
Giant Red Spot
28
There are 16 known moons, with four that are much larger than the rest. These four are called the Galilean moons, named after their discoverer, Galileo
Jupiter
29
It revolves in about 11 Earth years
Jupiter
30
Only planet known to have a strong magnetic field and radiation belts
Jupiter
31
Second largest planet in the solar system
Saturn
32
They are made of icy chunks of rock ranging from tiny particles to large boulders.Made of hundreds of narrow ringlets. About 1 mile thick and extends about 250,000 miles from the planet
Saturns rings
33
The first five rings were discovered by
Galileo
34
Has an icy rock core surrounded by metallic hydrogen with an outer layer of hydrogen and helium
Saturn
35
Takes over 29 years to revolve around the Sun
Saturn
36
Has 18 known moons, all but one of which are covered with craters and icy surfaces
Saturn
37
Has an atmosphere of nitrogen and methane. It is the only moon in the solar system to have its own atmosphere
Titain
38
The only planet in our solar system that is less dense than water
Saturn
39
Has a rocky core surrounded by water, ammonia and methane, in both ice and liquid forms
Uranus
40
Rotates once every 18 hours, but unlike the other planets, it spins sideways
Uranus
41
Taking 84 years to orbit the Sun, when the Sun rises on the North Pole, it stays up for 42 years and then is in darkness for 42 years
Uranus
42
The sunlit hemisphere radiates large amounts of ultraviolet light
Dayglow
43
Outermost of the gas planets, is the fourth largest planet in the solar system
Neptune
44
Takes 165 Earth years to complete an orbit
Neptune
45
Most windy planet in the solar system
Neptune
46
Has eight moons, the largest of which is Triton
Neptune
47
Is about the size of Mars, and rotates on its axis in about 6.5 Earth days
Pluto
48
It has one known satellite (Charon—discovered in 1978), just over half the size of the planet itself
Pluto
49
The planet's orbit is inclined to the plane of the ecliptic 17 degrees, bringing the planet inside the orbit of Neptune for twenty years of its 249-year orbit
Pluto
50
The only ‘planet’ in the solar system that rotates synchronously with its satellite
Pluto
51
Rocky and metallic objects orbiting the Sun, too small to be considered planets
Asteriods
52
Discovered the first asteroid in 1801
Guiseppe Piazi
53
A small, irregularly shaped body whose tiny nucleus is composed of water, ice, rock and frozen gases. Travel in highly elliptical orbits that take them very close to the Sun and swing them into deep space, often beyond the orbit of the planet Pluto
Comet
54
First suggested that comets were members of our solar system. After studying historical writings of sightings of bright objects in the sky, he predicted the appearance of a comet in 1758
Sir Edmund Halley
55
Bits and clumps of matter orbit the Sun and cross, or exist within, the path swept by cislunar space as the Earth/Moon system revolves around the Sun
Meteoroids
56
The very small, dust-particle size bits of matter
Micrometeorites
57
Sars that are not stable; they flare, subside and flare again. This type of existence has been observed just before the star "dies."
Nova
58
When a star gives up great mass in one giant explosion of light and energy
Supernova
59
Also known as a pulsating star because it flashes electromagnetic emissions (radio or other waves) in a set pattern
Pulsar
60
Vast clouds of matter which have not yet formed
Dark nebulae
61
Studded with stars, and thus, send forth brilliant arrays of color
Bright nebulae
62
If it can't emit some type of radiation, it is known as a...
Black hole
63
United States would place several small satellites into orbit during the International Geophysical Year (IGY)
Vanguard
64
The world's first artificial satellite
Sputnik
65
Sputnik 2 carried a...
Dog
66
Established as the agency to lead America's civilian space program, while the Department of Defense retained responsibility for space projects necessary for national security
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
67
Means the agreement is between two nations
Bilateral
68
Generally more powerful because they involve many nations
Multinational treaty
69
Those practices accepted by nations as the right way to act
Customs
70
First principle of space law
Freedom of use
71
Idea that all nations should have access to space. Thus, no nation should be allowed to prevent another from gaining access
Freedom of use
72
Second principle of space law
Non-appropriation
73
The idea is that no one owns any part of space
Non-appropriation
74
Third principle of space law
Common interests
75
It concerns the use of space. Since space belongs to all mankind, all nations should share its benefits
Common interests
76
The Treaty on the Principles of the Activity of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.
1967 Outer Space Treaty
77
Both the US and the USSR agreed not to develop or test ABM systems
ABM Treaty
78
The first effort to regulate space in the United States. It was signed into law in 1958. Best known for founding the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, it is the legal basis for military and civil space activities
National Aeronautics and Space Act (NASA Act)
79
To promote private sector activity and investment in space. It sought to create a single agency to regulate commercial space
Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA)
80
This act was designed to commercialize the government LANDSAT Program
Land Remote Sensing Commercialization Act (LANDSAT Act)
81
An Earth observation satellite that produces special digital images. The images are valuable for monitoring crop growth, pollution and deforestation
LANDSAT
82
A United Nations organization that regulates international communications
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
83
A natural or artificial object that orbits around the Earth
Satellite
84
These satellites relay and amplify signals
Communication
85
These satellites send positional data and timing to special receivers, which can then calculate their own position
Navigation
86
These satellites look at the Earth, collect information and relay it to ground stations
Observation
86
These satellites collect information about the universe
Scientific
87
A very large reflective balloon placed in orbit in 1960. It extended the range of line-of-sight signals by bouncing them back to earth
Echo 1
88
Operated for only 13 days. But its messages excited the people of our nation
Score
89
This active early communications satellite was the first of the repeater types. It received signals from ground stations, amplified them, then rebroadcast the signals to receiving stations on Earth
Courier 1B
90
It added Italy and Brazil to the growing list of countries receiving broadcasts from satellites in outer space
Relay 1
90
Was the first test of the commercial value of communications satellites. In 1962, was placed into orbit for Bell Telephone. It was an active satellite that amplified and retransmitted as many as 60 two-way telephone conversations at one time
Telstar 1
91
It operates as a commercial cooperative, linking the world's telecommunications networks together via a global satellite system of geostationary satellites
International Telecommunications satellite organization, INTELSAT
92
Satellites relays video, voice, data, and facsimile information worldwide
Galaxy series
93
Dedicated to distributing cable television programming
Galaxy 1
94
Designed to update the inertial navigation system on Polaris submarines
TRANSIT
95
System consists of a constellation of 24 orbiting satellites, a worldwide satellite control network and GPS receiver units that pick up signals from these satellites and translate them into position information
Global positioning system
96
Measure temperatures at the surface and in the atmosphere. They also measure cloud cover and moisture levels. Some even measure lightning strikes
Weather satellites
97
Their cameras provided the first large-scale weather photographs of Earth
Tiros
98
It measures radiation in the Earth's atmosphere. This data is used to determine climatic changes
Nimbus
99
A satellite that observes radiant energy
Multi-spectrum-imaging Satellites
100
Locate natural resources and monitor other conditions on the Earth's surface
LANDSAT
101
This satellite monitors the activities of people on the surface of the Earth
Reconnaissance Satellites
102
Orbit for the sole purpose of gaining information
Scientific Satellites
103
Discovered the Van Allen radiation belts
Explorer 1
104
Provided more information about radiation in space. It also investigated micrometeoroids in its flight path
Explorer 3
105
Gave us the first photograph of Earth from space
Explorer 6
106
For over one year, it transmitted data on 75 solar flares that occurred during its lifetime
OSO 1
107
Broadened scientists' understanding of the universe
Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO)
108
Was orbited to investigate the sources and intensities of high-energy radiation that are at the very far end of the electromagnetic spectrum
High-Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO)
109
The mission of this satellite was to study the reactions between sunlight and Earth's atmosphere
Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME)
110
A scientific satellite designed to study Earth radiation and the interaction of the Earth with radiation energy received from the Sun
Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS)
111
Spacecraft that either fly by, orbit or land on a celestial body, other than Earth
Probes
112
This was an early series of probes intended to investigate the Moon by taking pictures of the Moon as the spacecraft approached on a direct impact course
Rangers
113
These were soft-landers in that they carried retro-rockets that slowed them sufficiently to land undamaged MOON
The Surveyors
114
This family of probes was used to investigate the inner planets
The Mariners
115
Have probed both the outer and inner planets
The Pioneers
116
To explore the environment of Mars. Each probe consisted of an orbiter and a lander
Vikings
117
Gave us greatly improved pictures and data of outerplanets
Voyagers
118
It was sent to explore Halley's Comet. It streaked within 450 km of Halley's nucleus
Giotto
119
It was the first of NASA's several low-cost planetary Discovery missions. It is designed to orbit Mars for a two-year period. Its purpose is to map and collect information about the surface of Mars
Mars Global Surveyor
120
Second of NASA's low-cost planetary Discovery missions. It consists of a stationary lander and a surface rover. The primary objective is proving the feasibility of low-cost landings on and exploration of the Martian surface
Mars Pathfinder
121
The mission was the first to take direct measurements from within Jupiter's atmosphere. When it arrived, it injected a probe into Jupiter's atmosphere. The probe measured cloud temperatures, chemistry and electrical activity
Galileo
122
America's first manned space flight program
Project Mercury
123
Mission was to find out if a human could survive space travel and what, if any, effects would space travel have on the human body
Mercury
124
First American in space
Alan Shepard
125
First American to orbit the Earth
John Glenn
126
Project objectives were to improve techniques needed for a lunar mission, put two persons in space, rendezvous and dock with another spacecraft, and achieve the first walk in space
Project Gemini
127
Mission would be to put a man on the Moon
Apollo
128
First man to walk on the Moon
Neil Armstrong
129
Mission was to put a laboratory into space
Project skylab
130
Involved a linkup in space of an American and a Soviet manned spacecraft
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
131
First man to walk in space
Aleksei Leonov
132
Provided a system for transportation into space and a return back to Earth
Space Shuttle
133
The first American woman in space
Dr. Sally Ride
134
The first man in space
Major Yuri Gagarin
135
The first woman, into space
Valentina Tereshkova
136
Soviet man paced flight program that put the first man into space
Vostok
137
Launched in October of 1964, and was a three-man capsule
Voskhod
138
Spacecraft were designed for docking in space. Consisted of three modules: an instrument module with the rocket engines, an orbital module and a descent module
Soyuz
139
First woman to space walk
Svetlana Savitskaya
140
Soviet space station program
Salyut
141
Second soviet space station
Mir
142
First american space station
Skylab
143
An orbiting laboratory designed by the European Space Agency to be flown in the Space Shuttle's cargo bay
Spacelab
144
Designed to provide long-term data on the space environment and its effects on space systems and operations
Long Duration Exposure Facility
145
Older than rocks on the Earth
Lunar rocks
146
Found mainly on the moon's plains
Basalt
147
Composed mostly of feldspar
Anorthosite
148
Abundant on the moon; rare on earth
Natural glass
149
Three new minerals discovered on moon
Pyroxferroite, armalcolite, tranquillityite
150
Makes up the highlands of the moon
Anorthosite
