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SPAATZ AEROSPACE > SPAATZ AEROSPACE 25, 26, 27 > Flashcards

SPAATZ AEROSPACE 25, 26, 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Planet closest to the Sun-36 million miles from the Sun

A

Mercury

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2
Q

Revolves around the sun every 88 days

A

Mercury

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3
Q

Mariner 10 visited

A

Mercury

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4
Q

Has a rocky, crusty surface with many craters resembling the craters of Earth’s Moon

A

Mercury

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5
Q

Iron core that extends through most of the planet

A

Mercury

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6
Q

Second planet from the Sun and is nearest to Earth in both distance and size

A

Venus

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7
Q

Orbits the Sun once every 225 Earth days and takes an astounding 240 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis

A

Venus

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8
Q

Virtually covered in a thick blanket of clouds

A

Venus

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9
Q

Only planet to rotate clockwise

A

Venus

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10
Q

Solar system’s hottest planet with a surface temperature of almost 900° F

A

Venus

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11
Q

Most visited by our spacecraft

A

Venus

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12
Q

Moons period of orbit around earth

A

27 Days, 7 Hours, 43 Minutes

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13
Q

Missions that sent 12 astronauts to the moon

A

Apollo

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14
Q

Moon creator. Measures 1,200 feet deep and is 1 mile wide

A

Hadley Rille

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15
Q

Dark gray rock with tiny holes from which gas has escaped

A

Basalt

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16
Q

This rock is composed almost entirely of one mineral, feldspar

A

Anorthosite

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17
Q

A combination rock formed when meteorites broke up the surface and the pieces were welded together by the heat and pressure of impact processes

A

Breccia

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18
Q

Also called the Red Planet, appears as a small

A

Mars

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19
Q

The atmosphere is very thin and is composed mainly of carbon dioxide. Has about half of the gravity of Earth

A

Mars

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20
Q

Surface is covered with deserts, high mountains, deep craters and huge volcanoes

A

Mars

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21
Q

Planet that has the highest known mountain in our solar system. It is over 400 miles across and 17 miles high (about 90,000 feet high)

A

Mars

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22
Q

Planet that has the highest known mountain in our solar system. It is over 400 miles across and 17 miles high (about 90,000 feet high)

A

Mars

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23
Q

Has two moons, which are called Deimos (Terror) and Phobos (Fear)

A

Mars

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24
Q

Moved around the surface of the planet to investigate the atmosphere and the composition of the Martian rocks and soil

A

Sojourner

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25
Q

The largest planet in the solar system. It has three times the mass of all of the other eight planets put together

A

Jupiter

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26
Q

Rotates very quickly, about every 10 hours. This causes a flattening effect at the poles and a bulging effect at the Equator

A

Jupiter

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27
Q

A giant hurricane-like storm that is 30,000 miles long and 10,000 miles wide

A

Giant Red Spot

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28
Q

There are 16 known moons, with four that are much larger than the rest. These four are called the Galilean moons, named after their discoverer, Galileo

A

Jupiter

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29
Q

It revolves in about 11 Earth years

A

Jupiter

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30
Q

Only planet known to have a strong magnetic field and radiation belts

A

Jupiter

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31
Q

Second largest planet in the solar system

A

Saturn

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32
Q

They are made of icy chunks of rock ranging from tiny particles to large boulders.Made of hundreds of narrow ringlets. About 1 mile thick and extends about 250,000 miles from the planet

A

Saturns rings

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33
Q

The first five rings were discovered by

A

Galileo

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34
Q

Has an icy rock core surrounded by metallic hydrogen with an outer layer of hydrogen and helium

A

Saturn

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35
Q

Takes over 29 years to revolve around the Sun

A

Saturn

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36
Q

Has 18 known moons, all but one of which are covered with craters and icy surfaces

A

Saturn

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37
Q

Has an atmosphere of nitrogen and methane. It is the only moon in the solar system to have its own atmosphere

A

Titain

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38
Q

The only planet in our solar system that is less dense than water

A

Saturn

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39
Q

Has a rocky core surrounded by water, ammonia and methane, in both ice and liquid forms

A

Uranus

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40
Q

Rotates once every 18 hours, but unlike the other planets, it spins sideways

A

Uranus

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41
Q

Taking 84 years to orbit the Sun, when the Sun rises on the North Pole, it stays up for 42 years and then is in darkness for 42 years

A

Uranus

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42
Q

The sunlit hemisphere radiates large amounts of ultraviolet light

A

Dayglow

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43
Q

Outermost of the gas planets, is the fourth largest planet in the solar system

A

Neptune

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44
Q

Takes 165 Earth years to complete an orbit

A

Neptune

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45
Q

Most windy planet in the solar system

A

Neptune

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46
Q

Has eight moons, the largest of which is Triton

A

Neptune

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47
Q

Is about the size of Mars, and rotates on its axis in about 6.5 Earth days

A

Pluto

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48
Q

It has one known satellite (Charon—discovered in 1978), just over half the size of the planet itself

A

Pluto

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49
Q

The planet’s orbit is inclined to the plane of the ecliptic 17 degrees, bringing the planet inside the orbit of Neptune for twenty years of its 249-year orbit

A

Pluto

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50
Q

The only ‘planet’ in the solar system that rotates synchronously with its satellite

A

Pluto

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51
Q

Rocky and metallic objects orbiting the Sun, too small to be considered planets

A

Asteriods

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52
Q

Discovered the first asteroid in 1801

A

Guiseppe Piazi

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53
Q

A small, irregularly shaped body whose tiny nucleus is composed of water, ice, rock and frozen gases. Travel in highly elliptical orbits that take them very close to the Sun and swing them into deep space, often beyond the orbit of the planet Pluto

A

Comet

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54
Q

First suggested that comets were members of our solar system. After studying historical writings of sightings of bright objects in the sky, he predicted the appearance of a comet in 1758

A

Sir Edmund Halley

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55
Q

Bits and clumps of matter orbit the Sun and cross, or exist within, the path swept by cislunar space as the Earth/Moon system revolves around the Sun

A

Meteoroids

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56
Q

The very small, dust-particle size bits of matter

A

Micrometeorites

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57
Q

Sars that are not stable; they flare, subside and flare again. This type of existence has been observed just before the star “dies.”

A

Nova

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58
Q

When a star gives up great mass in one giant explosion of light and energy

A

Supernova

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59
Q

Also known as a pulsating star because it flashes electromagnetic emissions (radio or other waves) in a set pattern

A

Pulsar

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60
Q

Vast clouds of matter which have not yet formed

A

Dark nebulae

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61
Q

Studded with stars, and thus, send forth brilliant arrays of color

A

Bright nebulae

62
Q

If it can’t emit some type of radiation, it is known as a…

A

Black hole

63
Q

United States would place several small satellites into orbit during the International Geophysical Year (IGY)

A

Vanguard

64
Q

The world’s first artificial satellite

A

Sputnik

65
Q

Sputnik 2 carried a…

A

Dog

66
Q

Established as the agency to lead America’s civilian space program, while the Department of Defense retained responsibility for space projects necessary for national security

A

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

67
Q

Means the agreement is between two nations

A

Bilateral

68
Q

Generally more powerful because they involve many nations

A

Multinational treaty

69
Q

Those practices accepted by nations as the right way to act

A

Customs

70
Q

First principle of space law

A

Freedom of use

71
Q

Idea that all nations should have access to space. Thus, no nation should be allowed to prevent another from gaining access

A

Freedom of use

72
Q

Second principle of space law

A

Non-appropriation

73
Q

The idea is that no one owns any part of space

A

Non-appropriation

74
Q

Third principle of space law

A

Common interests

75
Q

It concerns the use of space. Since space belongs to all mankind, all nations should share its benefits

A

Common interests

76
Q

The Treaty on the Principles of the Activity of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.

A

1967 Outer Space Treaty

77
Q

Both the US and the USSR agreed not to develop or test ABM systems

A

ABM Treaty

78
Q

The first effort to regulate space in the United States. It was signed into law in 1958. Best known for founding the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, it is the legal basis for military and civil space activities

A

National Aeronautics and Space Act (NASA Act)

79
Q

To promote private sector activity and investment in space. It sought to create a single agency to regulate commercial space

A

Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA)

80
Q

This act was designed to commercialize the government LANDSAT Program

A

Land Remote Sensing Commercialization Act (LANDSAT Act)

81
Q

An Earth observation satellite that produces special digital images. The images are valuable for monitoring crop growth, pollution and deforestation

A

LANDSAT

82
Q

A United Nations organization that regulates international communications

A

International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

83
Q

A natural or artificial object that orbits around the Earth

A

Satellite

84
Q

These satellites relay and amplify signals

A

Communication

85
Q

These satellites send positional data and timing to special receivers, which can then calculate their own position

A

Navigation

86
Q

These satellites look at the Earth, collect information and relay it to ground stations

A

Observation

86
Q

These satellites collect information about the universe

A

Scientific

87
Q

A very large reflective balloon placed in orbit in 1960. It extended the range of line-of-sight signals by bouncing them back to earth

A

Echo 1

88
Q

Operated for only 13 days. But its messages excited the people of our nation

A

Score

89
Q

This active early communications satellite was the first of the repeater types. It received signals from ground stations, amplified them, then rebroadcast the signals to receiving stations on Earth

A

Courier 1B

90
Q

It added Italy and Brazil to the growing list of countries receiving broadcasts from satellites in outer space

A

Relay 1

90
Q

Was the first test of the commercial value of communications satellites. In 1962, was placed into orbit for Bell Telephone. It was an active satellite that amplified and retransmitted as many as 60 two-way telephone conversations at one time

A

Telstar 1

91
Q

It operates as a commercial cooperative, linking the world’s telecommunications networks together via a global satellite system of geostationary satellites

A

International Telecommunications satellite organization, INTELSAT

92
Q

Satellites relays video, voice, data, and facsimile information worldwide

A

Galaxy series

93
Q

Dedicated to distributing cable television programming

A

Galaxy 1

94
Q

Designed to update the inertial navigation system on Polaris submarines

A

TRANSIT

95
Q

System consists of a constellation of 24 orbiting satellites, a worldwide satellite control network and GPS receiver units that pick up signals from these satellites and translate them into position information

A

Global positioning system

96
Q

Measure temperatures at the surface and in the atmosphere. They also measure cloud cover and moisture levels. Some even measure lightning strikes

A

Weather satellites

97
Q

Their cameras provided the first large-scale weather photographs of Earth

A

Tiros

98
Q

It measures radiation in the Earth’s atmosphere. This data is used to determine climatic changes

A

Nimbus

99
Q

A satellite that observes radiant energy

A

Multi-spectrum-imaging Satellites

100
Q

Locate natural resources and monitor other conditions on the Earth’s surface

A

LANDSAT

101
Q

This satellite monitors the activities of people on the surface of the Earth

A

Reconnaissance Satellites

102
Q

Orbit for the sole purpose of gaining information

A

Scientific Satellites

103
Q

Discovered the Van Allen radiation belts

A

Explorer 1

104
Q

Provided more information about radiation in space. It also investigated micrometeoroids in its flight path

A

Explorer 3

105
Q

Gave us the first photograph of Earth from space

A

Explorer 6

106
Q

For over one year, it transmitted data on 75 solar flares that occurred during its lifetime

A

OSO 1

107
Q

Broadened scientists’ understanding of the universe

A

Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO)

108
Q

Was orbited to investigate the sources and intensities of high-energy radiation that are at the very far end of the electromagnetic spectrum

A

High-Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO)

109
Q

The mission of this satellite was to study the reactions between sunlight and Earth’s atmosphere

A

Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME)

110
Q

A scientific satellite designed to study Earth radiation and the interaction of the Earth with radiation energy received from the Sun

A

Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS)

111
Q

Spacecraft that either fly by, orbit or land on a celestial body, other than Earth

A

Probes

112
Q

This was an early series of probes intended to investigate the Moon by taking pictures of the Moon as the spacecraft approached on a direct impact course

A

Rangers

113
Q

These were soft-landers in that they carried retro-rockets that slowed them sufficiently to land undamaged MOON

A

The Surveyors

114
Q

This family of probes was used to investigate the inner planets

A

The Mariners

115
Q

Have probed both the outer and inner planets

A

The Pioneers

116
Q

To explore the environment of Mars. Each probe consisted of an orbiter and a lander

A

Vikings

117
Q

Gave us greatly improved pictures and data of outerplanets

A

Voyagers

118
Q

It was sent to explore Halley’s Comet. It streaked within 450 km of Halley’s nucleus

A

Giotto

119
Q

It was the first of NASA’s several low-cost planetary Discovery missions. It is designed to orbit Mars for a two-year period. Its purpose is to map and collect information about the surface of Mars

A

Mars Global Surveyor

120
Q

Second of NASA’s low-cost planetary Discovery missions. It consists of a stationary lander and a surface rover. The primary objective is proving the feasibility of low-cost landings on and exploration of the Martian surface

A

Mars Pathfinder

121
Q

The mission was the first to take direct measurements from within Jupiter’s atmosphere. When it arrived, it injected a probe into Jupiter’s atmosphere. The probe measured cloud temperatures, chemistry and electrical activity

A

Galileo

122
Q

America’s first manned space flight program

A

Project Mercury

123
Q

Mission was to find out if a human could survive space travel and what, if any, effects would space travel have on the human body

A

Mercury

124
Q

First American in space

A

Alan Shepard

125
Q

First American to orbit the Earth

A

John Glenn

126
Q

Project objectives were to improve techniques needed for a lunar mission, put two persons in space, rendezvous and dock with another spacecraft, and achieve the first walk in space

A

Project Gemini

127
Q

Mission would be to put a man on the Moon

A

Apollo

128
Q

First man to walk on the Moon

A

Neil Armstrong

129
Q

Mission was to put a laboratory into space

A

Project skylab

130
Q

Involved a linkup in space of an American and a Soviet manned spacecraft

A

Apollo-Soyuz Test Project

131
Q

First man to walk in space

A

Aleksei Leonov

132
Q

Provided a system for transportation into space and a return back to Earth

A

Space Shuttle

133
Q

The first American woman in space

A

Dr. Sally Ride

134
Q

The first man in space

A

Major Yuri Gagarin

135
Q

The first woman, into space

A

Valentina Tereshkova

136
Q

Soviet man paced flight program that put the first man into space

A

Vostok

137
Q

Launched in October of 1964, and was a three-man capsule

A

Voskhod

138
Q

Spacecraft were designed for docking in space. Consisted of three modules: an instrument module with the rocket engines, an orbital module and a descent module

A

Soyuz

139
Q

First woman to space walk

A

Svetlana Savitskaya

140
Q

Soviet space station program

A

Salyut

141
Q

Second soviet space station

A

Mir

142
Q

First american space station

A

Skylab

143
Q

An orbiting laboratory designed by the European Space Agency to be flown in the Space Shuttle’s cargo bay

A

Spacelab

144
Q

Designed to provide long-term data on the space environment and its effects on space systems and operations

A

Long Duration Exposure Facility

145
Q

Older than rocks on the Earth

A

Lunar rocks

146
Q

Found mainly on the moon’s plains

A

Basalt

147
Q

Composed mostly of feldspar

A

Anorthosite

148
Q

Abundant on the moon; rare on earth

A

Natural glass

149
Q

Three new minerals discovered on moon

A

Pyroxferroite, armalcolite, tranquillityite

150
Q

Makes up the highlands of the moon

A

Anorthosite

SPAATZ AEROSPACE (6 decks)

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