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Cordon Bleu Wine Management - Vineyards > South-West > Flashcards

South-West Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four main rivers of the south-west region?

A

Garonne, Dordogne, Lot, Tarn

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2
Q

What was the historical influence of Bordeaux on the south-west’s trade?

A

Rivers allowed wines to be connected with international wine trade from the port of Bordeaux. Bordeaux introduced high taxes on wines from the south west entering the port

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3
Q

What is the main reason that wines of the south-west are still relatively unknown/unpopular?

A

The immense taxes placed on them by the port of Bordeaux

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4
Q

What are the 2 local names for Malbec in the south-west?

A

Côt, auxxerois

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5
Q

Provide an overview of the Dordogne area of the south-west.

A
  • 13 AOPs
  • Famous for Bordeaux style reds of a little less power
  • AOPs vary immensely in production style
  • Known for sweet wines - late harvest or botrytis
  • Immediately to the east of Bordeaux
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6
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Bergerac

A
  • Mainly red wines
  • Grew in popularity as they had tax benefits of being located on the Dordogne - not paying port fees
  • Dry red, white rose
  • Red grapes: CS, CF, Merlot, Malbec, Fer Servadou, Merille
  • White grapes: Semillon, SB, muscadelle, ondenc, chenin blanc, ugni blanc (max 25%)
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7
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Cotes de Bergerac.

A
  • Dry red wines, sweet white wines
  • Same area as AOP Bergerac, stricter regulations
  • AOP Cotes de Bergerac rouge: Blend of at least 2/4 permitted grapes
  • AOP Cotes de bergerac blanc: Late harvest sweet wine between 4-54g/l RS
  • Red grapes: CS, CF, Merlot, malbec
    White grapes:
  • Semillon, SB, Muscadelle (min 75%)
  • Ondenc, chenin blanc, ugni blanc (min. 20%)
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8
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Pécharmant.

A
  • Dry red wines only
  • Iron, sandstone, gravel on south facing vineyards
  • Maturation until min. 15th august year after harvest
  • Grapes: CS, CF, Merlot, Malbec
  • Each grape no more than 65% of the blend
  • Blend of min. 3 grapes
  • Mimics wines of Pomerol
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9
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Rosette.

A
  • Sweet white wines only
  • Immediately west of Bergerac
  • Late harvest, 25-51 g/l RS
  • Grapes: Semillon, SB , sauvignon gris, muscadelle
  • SB and sauv gris must represent 15-70% of the blend
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10
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Saussignac.

A
  • 33ha of sweet white wines
  • Susceptible to botrytis
  • Late harvest or botrytis
  • Min. 68g/l RS
  • Semillon (min. 50%), SB, Sauv gris, muscadelle
  • Chenin,, ugni blanc, ondenc max 10%
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11
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Montravel.

A
  • Furthest west part of the Dordogne area, 16km east of St Emilion
  • Maritime influence from atlantic
  • 2 AOPs for dry wines
  • 2 AOPs for sweet white wines
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12
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Montravel Rouge

A
  • Dry red wines
  • Blend of at least 2/4 permitted grapes
  • Min maturation 18 months
  • Grapes: Merlot (min 50%), CS, CF, Malbec
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13
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Montravel Blanc

A
  • Dry white wines
  • Must be a blend of at least 2/5 permitted grapes
  • Semillon (min. 25%), sauvignon blanc, sauv gris, muscadelle, ondenc
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14
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Cotes de Montravel

A
  • Sweet white wines only
  • 8-54 g/L RS
  • Semillon (min 30%), SB, sauv gris, muscadelle, ondenc (max 10%)
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15
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Haut Montravel

A
  • Hand harvested with or without botrytis
  • 25-54g/l RS
  • Semillon (min 50%), SB, sauv gris, muscadelle, ondenc (max 10%)
  • Only 2 winemakers can consistently produce these wines: Chateau le Rax, Chateau les Grimard
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16
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Monbazillac.

A
  • 2360ha for sweet white wines only
  • Located on the left bank of the Dordogne
  • Picked late harvest or botrytis
  • 30-100g/l RS
  • Semillon (min 50%), SB, sauv gris, muscadelle minimum 80% of the blend
  • Special mention “selection de grain nobles” if sugar concentration is above 255g/l in must, RS above 85g/l
17
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Cotes de Duras

A
  • Dry white, rose, red, sweet white
  • AOC 1937
  • Associated with Boredaux and Bergerac regions - west of entre-deux-mers
  • Elevated limestone slopes
  • Red grapes: CS, CF, merlot, malbec
  • White grapes: Chenin blanc, mauxac, muscadelle, ondenc, SB, sauv gris, semillon, colombard, ugni blanc
  • Dry white wines are under AOP Cotes de Duras sec
18
Q

Describe the general characteristics of the Lot region

A
  • Warmer climate
  • Soil types vary immensely
  • Bordeaux + local grapes
  • Continental climate
  • Cahors is the best known AOP
  • Escaped powdery mildew in 1830s
  • Centered around the Tarn and Garonne rivers
19
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Cahors

A

-Dry red wines only
- Malbec (min 70%), merlot, tannat
- Best soils are on the plateau - dry limestone
- Clos the Gamot is the most famous plot
- Region has benefitted from it’s link with Bordeaux, exporting wines and Bordeaux adding Cahors wine to boost their power

20
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Gaillac

A
  • Towards the south east of the area
  • Light mediterranean influence
  • One of the oldest wine regions of France
  • Comprised of left, right banks and a plateau
  • Left, right banks are limestone mixed with other rocks
  • Plateau is a thinck layer of limestone
  • White grapes: Mauzac (white, rose), len d’el, muscadelle, ondenc, SB
  • Red grapes: Duras, Fer Servadou, syrah, cabernet franc, CS, gamay, merlot, prunelard
21
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Fronton

A
  • Predominantly red wines, some rose
  • Negrette is the main grape variety, accounts for minimum 40% of the blend in all wines
  • Other grapes: CF, CS, fer servadou, syrah, gamay, cinsault, malbec
  • Negrette is also named “folle noir”
22
Q

Describe the history of the Armagnac region

A
  • Oldest French Eau de vie (1310 first mentioned)
  • In 17th century, Dutch bought most of the wines from the area, preferred distilled wines as they would travel better
  • Circa 1730, armagnac starts being matured in oak
  • Quality increases throughout the 19th century, where vintages are blended for consistency, quality
  • Originally a large region, only 25% was replanted after Phylloxera
23
Q

What are the 3 subregions of AOP Armagnac

A

Bas- Armagnac
Armagnac Tenarèze
Haut Armagnac

24
Q

What are the main 4 grapes used for Armagnac?

A

Ugni Blanc (55% of vineyards)
Folle Blanche
Baco
Colombard

25
Q

Describe the process of making armagnac

A
  • Grapes are harvested early with high acid, low alc.
  • Left to ferment naturally with no additives - must ferment fully
  • Distilled in an alambic (copper still)
  • Reaches alc level between 52-72%
  • Distillation must finish by march 31st year after harvest
  • Aged in 400L new oak barrels, moved to old oak, then glass vessels
  • Blended after desired maturation is reached
  • Distilled water added to bring alc. level down to min. 40%
26
Q

What are the maturation requirements for the different ages of Armagnac?

A

VS - min. 1 year oak
VSOP - min. 4 years oak
XO - min. 10 years oak
Vintage - single harvest

27
Q

What 3 AOPs overlap AOP Armagnac?

A

IGP Cotes de gascogne
AOP Floc de gascogne
AOP Blanc d’Armagnac

28
Q

Describe AOP Blanc d’Armagnac

A
  • AOP established 2006
  • Shares the same are as AOP Armagnac
  • Not matured in oak
  • Creates a fiery, youthful, fresh, aromatic armagnac
29
Q

Describe AOP Floc de Gascogne

A
  • Made of a mix of 1/3 armagnac and 2/3 mid-fermented grape must
  • White or rose
  • Alc between 16-18%
  • Matured min 10 months
  • Incredibly high RS
  • Deemed a “vin de liqueur”
30
Q

Describe the wines of IGP Cotes de Gascogne

A
  • Mainly dry whites, all styles permitted
  • Encompasses the regions of AOP Armagnac, AOP Madiran, AOP Saint-Mont
  • Maritime climate to the west, continental to the east
  • Main grapes: Coubu, gors manseng, colombard, arrufiac SB, chardonnay
  • Tannat, malbec, cab sauv
  • 60% of production is exported
  • Produces young, crisp light body white wines with little oak or MLF
31
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Madiran

A
  • Small area within IGP Cotes de Gascogne
  • ONLY red wine
  • Tannat must be 60-80% of the wines, mixed with CS, CF, Fer Servadou
  • produces big, tannic, full body reds with heavy oak treatment
  • Limestone rich soils, clay and silts
  • Exact same area as AOP Pacherenc de Vic-Bilh
32
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Pacherenc de Vic-Bilh

A
  • Covers the same area as AOP Madiran
  • White wines only
  • Dry and sweet
  • 6 permitted grapes, must be a blend of at least 2:
  • Courbu, petit manseng, gros manseng, petit courbu, arrufiac SB, SB
33
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Jurançon

A
  • Maritime, mountainous climate
  • Dry, sunny days, cold nights retain acidity
  • 1000ha
  • Allows 2 AOPS - AOP Jurancon Sec, AOP Jurancon
  • Major grapes are petit and gros manseng
34
Q

Describe the sweet wines of AOP Jurançon

A
  • Min RS 40g/l
  • Min RS 55g/l for AOP Jurançon vendanges tardives
  • Gros and petit manseng
35
Q

Describe the wines of AOP Irouléguy

A
  • On the spanish border, vines were first planted to quench the thirst of pilgrims walking el camino de santiago
  • Mountainous - mountains to the north block the northerly winds
  • Red, white, rose
  • White grapes: Gros, petit manseng, courbu
  • Red grapes: Tannat, CF, CS

Cordon Bleu Wine Management - Vineyards (14 decks)

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