Global Wine Market & French Appellation System Flashcards
What are the 3 biggest countries in terms of wine production?
Italy, France, Spain
How much does the EU account for in terms of global wine production? Why is this decreasing?
62% of global production. Decreasing due to increasing quality requirements (associated with lower yield)
What was the global wine consumption in 2020?
234 million hecto litres (33b bottles)
What is the largest wine consuming country in the world?
USA
What % of wines have crossed a least one border before being consumed?
45%
Which two countries lead wine exports in VOLUME?
Spain, Italy
Which two countries lead wine exports in VALUE?
France, Italy
What is the largest export-driven-market as a percentage of exports?
Chile - 70% is exported
Which countries lead the import wine market?
UK, Germany, USA
Which Languedoc wine producer led the movement towards stricter wine labelling laws after phylloxera?
Marcelin Albert, 1902
When was the Confederation Generale Des Vignerons established?
1907
When did the courts gain power to act in relation to the protection of appellations of origins?
May 6, 1919
When was the CNAO established?
1935
What was the intended purpose of appellations when formed in 1935 by the CNAO?
Defined strict, specific, appellation characteristics to help guide the consumer, promote minimum levels of quality and encourage growers to produce better
What were the first 6 AOCs? When were they established?
- Arbois – Due to heritage of Louis Pasteur, Alexis Millardet
- Tavel – Louis 16ths favourite wine, signature style
- Cognac – Due to export volumes
- Cassis – First place wine was made
- Monbazillac – Largest producer of sweet wines
- CDP – Pierre Baron had his winery here
When was the CNAO rename to the INAO?
1947
When was the Vin Delimité de qualité superieur established?
1949
What are the 3 current appellation levels in France?
- AOP/AOC
- IGP
- Vin de France
When did the EU create harmonised standards for appellations?
1992
What are the characteristics of Vin de France wines?
- All grapes are allowed
- Wines don’t have a specific origin but must be made in France
- Wines don’t have to have a vintage
What are the characteristics of IGP wines (France)?
- Large yet restricted area of production
- Restrictions of grapes, yields, alcohol
- Languedoc and South west account for 80% of all French IGPs
- 1/3 of French wine is IGP
What are the characteristics of AOC wines?
- Very strict rules
- 58.2% of French wine production is AOP
- 363 AOPs in France
- Only at AOP are classifications used e.g cru classe, prem cru, sweetness levels, grapes used (Alsace)
Why are bottles of wine mostly 750ml?
Because a Bordeaux barrel (225L) fits 300 x .75L bottles
What are the names of each bottle size?
Split – 0.25L
Demie - .375L
Jennie - .5L
Standard - .75L
Magnum – 1.5L
Dbl magnum – 3L
Jeroboam – 4.5L
Imperial – 6L
Salamanazar – 9L
Balthazar – 12L
Nebuchadnezzar – 15L
What was the name of the first wine producer syndicate?
Confédération Générale des Vignerons, founded 1907 by Ernest Ferroul
What was the VDQS?
Established in 1949, the Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure was an interim appellation system, between AOP and IGP, disbanded 2011
Break down AOP, IGP, VDF in terms of production amount
AOP (363) - 58.2%
IGP (76) - 33.5%
VDF - 8.3%
What is the name of French wine capsule? What is its purpose? (Label on top of cork)
Capsule Rerpésentative de Droit
- Proves that taxes have been paid
- Recoltant
- Negociant
- Entrepositaire agréé (co-op)
