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AACCH > South Asia/India Powerpoints > Flashcards

South Asia/India Powerpoints Flashcards

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1
Q

Environmental elements

A

Ganges-Brahmaputra and Indus river systems, annual wet monsoon

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2
Q

Population

A

one of the world’s largest population clusters, 1.417

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3
Q

Demography

A

South Asia demographic problems with the most dimensions and urgency

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4
Q

Underdevelopment

A

Highest rates in South Asia

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5
Q

Agriculture

A

compared to other parts of Asia, inefficient and unproductive

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6
Q

People

A

majority live in villages and subsist from the land

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7
Q

Cultural Regionalism

A

India (Hinduism) vs. Pakistan (Islam)

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8
Q

Foreign influence

A

European colonialism has left its impression on the political geographical framework of South Asia.

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9
Q

Government

A

World’s largest and most complex federal state.

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10
Q

Harappan civilization

A

river civilization, complex, language, declined after 2000 BCE, similar to Sumer

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11
Q

complex cities (mohenjo-daro)

A

3 mile radius, planned streets, indoor plumbing

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12
Q

Vedic Age

A

Aryan migrations/invasions, foundations of hinduism

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13
Q

Aryan invastions

A

Indo-Europeans, Sanskrit, Brahman religion, skin based original caste system.

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14
Q

Aryans

A

pastoral warriors

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15
Q

Chandragupta Maurya

A

Founder of Mauryan empire
Unified North India
Divided empire into provinces and districts for tax assessments and law enforcement
Gave up his throne and became a Jain

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16
Q

Emperor Asoka

A

Converted after battle of Kalinga
Built extensive roads
Conflict between methods of keeping power and Buddha’s demands of becoming a selfless person
Decline followed his rule (cruel, harsh rulers)

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17
Q

Asoka’s Law Code

A

10 stupas in 30 places in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan
Mostly in Sanskrit, one in Greek and Aramaic
Buddhist principles

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18
Q

Disintegration and Reorganization

A

Between Mauryan and Gupta Empires

19
Q

Gupta Empire

A

Golden Age of India
Advancements and extensive trade

20
Q

Decline of Gupta Empire

A

White Huns invasion
Won but weakened, eventually disintegrated.

21
Q

Muslim India

A

Arrived in 600s/700s
1200 Turkish Muslims invade
Unified India

22
Q

Mogul Empire

A

Established by Babur
Capital at Delhi
Akbar ruled the most land
Grandson Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal

23
Q

Arrival of Europeans

A

1400s/1500s
Mogul Empire declines in 18th century
Small Kindoms emerge (Rajahs)
British Empire fills power vacuum

24
Q

British East India Company

A

Initially dominated India
Policies led to unrest and Sepoy Mutiny (1859)
British Government assumed direct rule

25
Q

Hinduism

A

Pantheistic, Elastic and eclectic, polytheistic
330 million

26
Q

The Vedas

A

written during the Vedic period
Hindu core of beliefs

27
Q

Main Religious figures

A

Brahman (it, the soul) –> Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), Shiva (the destroyer)

28
Q

Wheel of Karma

A

Karma –> Dharma –> Caste –>

29
Q

Dharma

A

your behaviors, your caste duty
defines your:
occupation, marriage, social discourse, religious duties

30
Q

Karma

A

“what is”, inescapable
justifies social order
a person’s actions and its consequences in regards to hinduism

31
Q

Moksha

A

eventual goal of liberation from the cycle of reincarnation

32
Q

4 Noble Truths

A
  1. Suffering exists, to live is to suffer
  2. Suffering is caused by desire and attatchments
  3. Solution is to eliminate them
  4. So follow the 8-fold path

Dukkha, Tanha, Nirvana, 8-fold

33
Q

Theravada Buddhism

A

Oldest, “Way of Elders”
Monastic life, meditation and wisdom to achieve Nirvana
Goal: become a Buddha

34
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A

Northern Asia
Buddhism for the masses, guidance from Boddhisatvas
Goal: salvation of humanity from self-sacrifice of enlightened few

35
Q

Tibetan (Vajrayana) Buddhism

A

Mix of T+M
Lamas are Boddhisatvas
Tibetan Book of the Dead (Bardo Thodol)

36
Q

Zen Buddhism

A

Meditation School
Sudden enlightenment (satori) through meditation, arriving at emptiness (sunyata)
Meditation masters (Roshi)
Beauty, art, and aesthetics

37
Q

Sikhism

A

One accessible ‘God’
A good life is lived in a community with honesty and caring
Empty rituals and superstitions have no value
Cycle of rebirth
Quality of life depends on Karma
Only way out is achieving total knowledge of and union with God

38
Q

5 K’s

A

Kesh (uncut hair - devotion), Kanga (wooden comb - cleanliness and discipline), Katchera (cotton underwear - chastity), Kara (iron bracelet eternity), Kirpan (sword - saint soldier)

39
Q

Jainism

A

Radical non-violence
Live and let live

40
Q

Parsi

A

Persian exiles, Zoroastrianism practitioners

41
Q

Labor distribution

A

62% concentrated in agriculture

42
Q

Education

A

over 70% of labor force is illiterate or educated below the primary level

43
Q

Challenges to political stability

A

terrorist extremist groups, assassinations

44
Q

Regional Stability

A

Indo-China war (1962), recurring Sino-Indian border clashes
Bilateral talks in New Delhi since Feb 1994
-
Nuclear Proliferation: India and Pakistan tests (1998)
-
Taliban in Pakistan: tightened grip on North of Pakistan, Islamic militants, Taliban mini-state, 100 people beheaded

AACCH (30 decks)

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