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AACCH > Middle East Terms > Flashcards

Middle East Terms Flashcards

FINALS OMFG

1
Q

Ka’ba

A

House of God, a black stone at Mecca

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2
Q

Qur’an

A

The word of Allah

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3
Q

Caliph

A

chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, successor of Muhammad.

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4
Q

Hadith

A

Collection of sayings and anecdotes about Muhammed.

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5
Q

Umma

A

Community (religious)

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6
Q

The 5 Pillars of Faith

A

Recite proffesion of faith
Pray 5x in direction of Ka’ba
Fast and pray in Ramadan
Hajj
Help the poor

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7
Q

Jihad

A

Struggle against sin/enemies of Islam

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8
Q

Diwan

A

A governmental body

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9
Q

Imam

A

Leader of community prayer

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10
Q

Shi’ites

A

Ali is Muhammed’s successor, believed in the twelve Imam

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11
Q

Sunnis

A

Accepted Muawiya as Caliph, ummas, and prophets

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12
Q

Ulama

A

Sunni religious scholars who interpret the Quran

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13
Q

Emirs

A

ruler/commander

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14
Q

Shari’a

A

Muslim law

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15
Q

Qadis

A

Islamic judge

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16
Q

Vizier

A

high official (esp. in Ottoman empire)

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17
Q

Dhimmis

A

protected people

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18
Q

Madrasa

A

a place of study

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19
Q

Sufism

A

Islamic mysticism and ascetism

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20
Q

Tawaf

A

7 circuits around Ka’ba with prayer

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21
Q

Ihram

A

a white seamless garment made of two pieces of clothing

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22
Q

Talbiya

A

a chant said in sacred locations

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23
Q

Wuquf

A

the standing at Arafat plain

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24
Q

Sa’y

A

hagar’s search for water for ishmael, until she finds zamzam

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25
Q

Dhu al-hijjah

A

the month of the pilgrimage

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26
Q

Khalil-Allah

A

Friend of God
Abraham

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27
Q

Umrah

A

worshipping Allah by completing the steps of the Hajj

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28
Q

Origins and composition of the Arabs

A

Ishmael’s descendents, of the Bedouins

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29
Q

Factors for the spread of Islam

A

military conquest, trade, pilgrimage, and missionaries

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30
Q

Split between Sunnis and Shi’ites

A

Their contradicting beliefs on succession after the Prophet Muhammad died. Sunni leaders, called Caliphs, are elected through voting while Shiite leaders, or Imams, are direct descendants of Muhammad.

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31
Q

Role and position of women in Muslim society

A

Lesser position, obedient, chaste
But Quran says they are equal to men

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32
Q

Ethical monotheism

A

God is believed to be the only god as well as the source for one’s standards of morality

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33
Q

Messiah

A

anointed one, “christ”

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34
Q

Torah

A

Moses recieved it from God on Mt. Sinai

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35
Q

Nebuchadnezzar

A

of Babylon. Destroyed the Kingdom of Judah, besieged, plundered and destroyed Jerusalem, and took away the Jews in captivity

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36
Q

Purim

A

the lots that Haman (of Persia) cast in order to determine the day on which he would kill the Jews.

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37
Q

Apostle/Evangelist/Disciple

A

one of the twelve chief disciples of Christ

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38
Q

Easter

A

resurrection of Jesus

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39
Q

Habiru

A

nomads, fugitives, bandits, and workers of inferior status
related to Hebrew?

40
Q

Covenant

A

an agreement (between the people and Yahwah/God)

41
Q

Abraham

A

the first of the Hebrew patriarchs and an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

42
Q

Talmud

A

primary source of Jewish religious law

43
Q

Babylonian Captivity

A

The Jews were exiled to Babylon and forced to stay there for several decades until a Persian king, Cyrus the Great, allowed them to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their destroyed temple.

44
Q

The Assyrians

A
45
Q

Rabbi

A
46
Q

Cyrus the Great

A
47
Q

Major developments in the history of Judaism

A
48
Q

Main tenets of Christianity

A
49
Q

Historic convergences and divergences between Jews and Christians in the Middle East

A
50
Q

Impact of Judaism and Christianity

A
51
Q

Origins of Civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt

A
52
Q

How does writing shape what we know of the past?

A
53
Q

How did writing develop to meet the needs of cities and states?

A
54
Q

How did Mesopotamians form the first states and their institutions spread?

A
55
Q

Describe how Mesopotamian culture came to predominate most of the ancient near East.

A
56
Q

Contributions of Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultures

A
57
Q

Explain how geography, leadership, and religion enabled the Egyptians to build and maintain
a cohesive, prosperous society, and how did migrations and invasions show Egypt’s fate.

A
58
Q

History

A
59
Q

Cuneiform

A
60
Q

Hyksos

A
61
Q

Pharaoh

A
62
Q

Ziggurat

A
63
Q

Ramses II

A
64
Q

Irrigation

A
65
Q

Book of the Dead

A
66
Q

Uruk and Ur

A
67
Q

Hammurabi

A
68
Q

Sargon

A
69
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh

A
70
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

Hi

71
Q

Hittite

A
72
Q

Epic Poems

A
73
Q

Sea People

A
74
Q

Purple People

A
75
Q

Major environmental factors that have shaped the ME

A
76
Q

Major geographic characteristics

A
77
Q

Role of geography in historic and cultural development in ME and NA

A
78
Q

Major Topographical features of ME

A
79
Q

Ottomans

A
80
Q

Anatolia

A
81
Q

Sultan

A
82
Q

Devshirme

A
83
Q

Janissaries

A
84
Q

Shah

A
85
Q

Safavid

A
86
Q

Qizibalsh

A
87
Q

Mughal

A
88
Q

Jizya

A
89
Q

Religious and military factors that gave rise to the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires.

A
90
Q

Impact of Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals

A
91
Q

Turkish diplomacy with Westerners in Europe and in Asia.

A
92
Q

Domestic and external difficulties that caused the decline of Ottoman Turkey and
Safavid Persia.

A
93
Q

Historical backgrounds to current conflicts

A
94
Q

Trace the significant events of the past century that have contributed to the conflict.

A
95
Q

Role of terrorism in the foreign policy issues of the Middle East.

A

AACCH (30 decks)

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