SOUND PERCEPTION - The Hearing Process

Question 1

_________ __________ are collected by the auricle and are conducted through the external
auditory canal to the__________ _________, causing it to vibrate.

Answer 1

Sounds waves

tympanic membrane

Question 2

Vibrations of tympanic membrane transferal to…..

Answer 2

ear ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Question 3

Vibrations of stapes transferal to…..

Answer 3

oval window* (*opening in cochlea)

Question 4

Vibrations of oval window transferal to…..

Answer 4

perilymph (vestibular duct)

Question 5

Vibrations of perilymph transferal to…..

Answer 5

endolymph (cochlear duct)

Question 6

Vibrations of endolymph transferal to…..

Answer 6

basilar membrane (Organ of Corti)

Question 7

Must occur when air vibrations are turned into
liquid vibrations within the cochlea. The pressure/force of
air vibrations is increased by 20% as they pass from the
tympanic membrane to the oval window.

Answer 7

Pressure

Amplification

Question 8

Directs sound waves (air vibrations) to the cochlea

using the vibrations of the eardrum & ear ossicles.

Answer 8

Sound Wave Conduction:

Question 9

It Dampens loud noises

Answer 9

Sound Attenuation Reflex

Question 10

Sound Attenuation Reflex Involves?

Answer 10

Ear Ossicles and Cranial Nerves V & VII

Question 11

Sound Attenuation Reflex Action involves……..

Answer 11

Tiny muscles attached to ossicles reduce the

vibrations of the eardrum and stapes

Question 12

Sound Attenuation Reflex Limitations are…..

Answer 12

Effective only for brief, slowly building sounds.

Not protective against sudden or sustained loud noises.

Question 13

Vibrations of ____________ ___________ cause the hair cells to dance up and down.

Answer 13

basilar membrane

Question 14

Dancing of the hair cells causes their _________ to bend.

(The hair cell itself is kept from shifting right or left because of the tectorial membrane)

Answer 14

stereocilia

Question 15

Bending of the __________ causes depolarization of the hair cells.

Answer 15

stereocilia

Question 16

The hair cells send action potentials into

the ________ _________.

Answer 16

cochlear nerve

Question 17

From cochlear nerve, action potentials travel →_______ ________ ______ _________→ midbrain→thalamus→auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Answer 17

cochlear nuclei of medulla

Question 18

From cochlear nerve, action potentials travel →cochlear nuclei of medulla → ________→thalamus→auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Answer 18

midbrain

Question 19

From cochlear nerve, action potentials travel →cochlear nuclei of medulla → midbrain→________→auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Answer 19

thalamus

Question 20

From cochlear nerve, action potentials travel →cochlear nuclei of medulla → midbrain→thalamus→ ________ _________ ____ _________ _________.

Answer 20

auditory cortex of temporal lobe

Question 21

From the cochlear nerve Vibrations of ________ (cochlear duct) → perilymph (tympanic duct)

Answer 21

endolymph

Question 22

From the cochlear nerve Vibrations of endolymph (cochlear duct) → ________ (tympanic duct)

Answer 22

perilymph

Question 23

From the cochlear nerve Vibrations of _________ → round window → out of cochlea (Releases sound waves from the cochlea)

Answer 23

perilymph

Question 24

From the cochlear nerve Vibrations of perilymph → _______ ________ → out of cochlea (Releases sound waves from the cochlea)

Answer 24

round window

Question 25

From the cochlear nerve Vibrations of perilymph → round window → out of __________ (Releases sound waves from the cochlea)

Answer 25

cochlea