Sound localisation and sensory system interaction

Question 1

What’s the difference between binaural and monoaural hearing?

Answer 1

Two ears or one ear

Question 2

What is the pinnae?

Answer 2

Outer ear

Question 3

What are the 2 cues for sound localisation?

Answer 3

Inter-aural timing differences

Interaural level differences

Question 4

What are interaural timing differences?

Answer 4

The difference in arrival time of sound at the 2 ears

- Low frequency sounds

Question 5

What are interaural level differences?

Answer 5

Difference between the intensity of the sound at the 2 ears

- High frequency sounds

Question 6

What does LSO mean?

Answer 6

Lateral superior olive

Question 7

MSO?

Answer 7

Medial superior olive

Question 8

MNTB?

Answer 8

Medial nucleus of trapezoid body

Question 9

aVCN?

Answer 9

Anterior ventral cochlea nucleus

Question 10

What do the ventral cochlea fibres that run to the auditory cortex do?

Answer 10

Sound localisation

Question 11

What do the dorsal cochlea fibres do?

Answer 11

Sound recognition

Question 12

What is the function of the superior olivary complex in the brainstem?

Answer 12

Sound localisation

Question 13

What is the function of the Inf. And Sup. Colliculus?

Answer 13

Integration with non-auditory inputs

Question 14

Medial geniculate nucleus?

Answer 14

Involved in learning and memory

Question 15

What is the detection of interaural level differences (ILD) mediated by?

Answer 15

The LSO-MNTB binaural excitatory-inhibitory pathway

Question 16

How do ILDs work?

Answer 16

They are encoded by cells in the LSO that compare the coincidence of excitatory and inhibitory ipsilateral-contralateral inputs

Question 17

What do the 2 LSOs act as?

Answer 17

Broad hemispheric channels tuned to sound within each hemisphere

Question 18

How is the overall position of sound determined?

Answer 18

By the balance in the average output rate of these excitatory channels