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Neuro > Chemical Sense > Flashcards

Chemical Sense Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is olfaction?
A

A multidimensional coding space

- No like e.g. sound where there are very limited parameters

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2
Q
  1. What is the difference between labelled line and combination code?
A

Labelled line – 1 channel dedicated to e.g. sweet taste

Combination code – Identification of stimulus is not encoded by a single neuron but by an entire population

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3
Q
  1. How does the olfactory system increase the strength of its stimulus
A

Sensory amplification

GPCR  Adenylyl cyclase  ATP  cAMP  Cation channels

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4
Q
  1. Does each olfactory receptor respond to a unique profile of odorants?
A

Yes

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5
Q
  1. What is the term for the olfactory bulb in insects?
A

Antennal lobe

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6
Q
  1. What do the glomeruli project into?
A

Projection neurons

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7
Q
  1. What is the name for these in drosophila?
A

Mitral cells and tufted cells

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8
Q
  1. What ensures odour specificity is carried through?
A

Receptor specific matching of sensory neurons to 2nd order neurons

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9
Q
  1. Where is the 1st relay synapse?
A

Between the sensory neuron and the 2nd order neuron

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10
Q
  1. What is synaptic adaptation and why is it useful?
A

Despite continuous stimulation from the olfactory receptor neurons the projection neuron only has an intense response at the start of the stimulation and then tails off
This allows the NS to focus on odour CHANGES

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11
Q
  1. How is noise reduced and weak responses strengthened?
A

Same type sensory neurons converge onto projection neurons

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12
Q
  1. What is gain control and by what is it carried out by?
A

Gain control is needed to distinguish between strong and weak odours
Interglomerular cells have an inhibitory effect when other ORN are being stimulated

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13
Q
  1. What is de-correlation?
A

Again carried out by interglomerular cells, these are important for separating population responses to different odours
- Odours have combinatorial combination code

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14
Q
  1. What are the names of the structures where learned olfactory behaviour takes place in mammals and insects?
A

Mammals – Piriform complex

Insects – Mushroom body (Kenyon cells)

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15
Q
  1. Name for innate structures in mammals and insects?
A

Mammals – Amygdala

Insects – lateral horns

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16
Q
  1. What is the cortical amygdala required for?
A

Innate responses e.g. mice being scared of fox scent

17
Q
  1. What is the purpose of innate and learned?
A

Innate – Categorise

Learned – Discriminate

18
Q
  1. What does moving your head around whilst smelling do?
A

Allows you to sample greater area and rapidly changes odour concentrations you are exposed to

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