Learning and memory LTP and LTD mechanisms Flashcards
What are the categories memory can be classified in?
Declarative (facts)
Non-declarative (skills)
Long term
Short term
What does an increase in Ca concentration in the presynaptic terminal lead to?
Vesicle fusion
What are the 3 different types of vesicle?
Regularly releasable pool
Proximal pool
Reserve pool
Reserve pool Proximal pool Regularly releasable pool
What can happen if the synapse is stimulated?
Then there is not enough vesicles (habituation)
Glutamate receptors?
NMDA
AMPA
Kainate
Some advantages of simple systems to model on? (invertebrates)
e.g. snails, worms. Cockroaches
Large neuron, simple circuitry, already mapped
What is the opposite of sensitisation?
Habituation
What were aplysia californica, used to test?
Habituation and sensitisation using the siphon and gill reflex
What is habituation in this animal?
Repeated stimulus of siphon means eventually the gill reflex withdrawal will go
What is habituation the result of?
Reduced synaptic strength due to reduced NT release
How was sensitisation caused aplysia?
Small shock at siphon meant any subsequent stimulation caused a greater gill withdrawal
What does sensitisation involve?
Presynaptic input from sensory neurons
What neurotransmitter is used? (sensitisation)
Seratonin
What is associative learning?
Like pavlovian learning
What triggers NT release?
Synaptotagmin a Ca sensor
What are the components of a SNARE?
Synaptobrevin
SNAP25
Syntaxin
Low-frequency stimulation causes a weak influx of Ca2+ into the post-synaptic neuron. Why does it lead to long-term depression?
protein phosphatase is activated, dephosphorylating AMPA
