Soul, Mind & Body

Question 1

Plato

Answer 1

The soul (psyche) and the body are different (dualist) position. Nothing material is permanent.

The soul is an immortal substance. It cannot be destroyed because it is simple and was not created.

‘the soul is the very likeness of the divine….the body is the very likeness of the human’.

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

world of forms
non-physical soul
physical body
reason

The soul has three elements:
Vegetative
Appetitive
Intellectual

Question 3

Aquinas

Answer 3

‘The soul is defined as the first principle of life in living things…the soul..is not a body but the act of a body’

He is not saying the soul ‘is’ you, but it is the principle of life, and life needs the body to be animated. The soul is ‘the mind’ and he argues is ‘incorporeal and subsistent.’ Aquinas is very aware of the difference with Plato.

Question 4

Descartes

Answer 4

Extension
divided

Leibniz’ law
impossible.
not identical.

Question 5

Substance dualism

Answer 5

Substance dualism is the theory that there are two distinct substances, mental and physical.

Question 6

Gilbert Ryle

Answer 6

substance dualism

‘ghost in the machine’

category error
both
a man being shown around a university

Question 7

John Hick

Answer 7

soft materialism
spiritual dimension.
material being.
Eternal life.

Question 8

Materialism

Answer 8

matter,
reduced
chemicals

Question 9

Richard Dawkins

Answer 9

reductionist and materialist
no evidence
onsciousness

soul one and soul two
behaviourism

Question 10

B.F Skinner

Answer 10

learned behaviours
radial misunderstanding
reductionist