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ENR Biweekly 2 > Sos- normal breast physiology and malignant disorders > Flashcards

Sos- normal breast physiology and malignant disorders Flashcards

1
Q

functional unit of breast

A

terminal duct lobular units

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2
Q

____ does NOT determine function

A

size

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3
Q

around the time of _____, nipples and duct system develop along milk line

A

birth

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4
Q

Once ovulation and menstruation begins the breast forms mature ______ glands

A

secretory

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5
Q

during ____, breasts are capable of milk secretion and become hyperplastic

A

pregnancy

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6
Q

Estrogen and progesterone have decreased allowing for breast atrophy; increase in fat

A

menopause

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7
Q
A

A. fibrous (me)
B. hyperplastic glands (pregnancy)

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8
Q
A

older female
apoptosis of connective tissue
increase in adipose tissue

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9
Q
A

Polythelia

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10
Q

possible difficulty w/ breast feeding but have contraptions to help

A

inverted nipple

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11
Q

about ___ lobes per breast

A

20

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12
Q

what are within the lobes

A

lobules and many terminal duct lobular units

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13
Q

can be stretched and retract skin due to mass

A

cooper’s (suspensory) ligaments

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14
Q

70 yr old nun hits your kid and ends up with winged scapula, what did she injure

A

Long Thoracic n.

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15
Q

temporary collecting place for milk

A

lactiferous sinus

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16
Q

single layer of cuboidal cells that express milk in the duct

A

acini

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17
Q

bottom of picture

A

terminal duct

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18
Q

on outside

A

acini

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19
Q
A

acini

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20
Q
A

breast

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21
Q

in males; bilateral
hypertrophy/hyperplasia of ducts and adipose tissue
due to imbalance of estrogen and testosterone
(Leydig cell tumor can cause this in adults)

A

Gynecomastia

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22
Q

only part of breasts that men have

A

terminal duct

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23
Q

can be a moveable mass
tender w/ possible clear nipple discharge
benign

A

breast solitary cyst

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24
Q

often bilateral and changes around menstrual cycle; benign
fluid filled cysts, fibroplasia, adenosis

A

fibrocystic change

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25
if atypical hyperplasia is found in fibrocystic change, increased chance of what
cancer
26
trauma related seatbelt injury/ball to chest
fat necrosis
27
fat necrosis
28
Histology: Coagulative and fat necrosis Acute and chronic inflammation Fibrosis
fat necrosis
29
stain for macrophages
CD68+
30
often during breast feeding redness and swelling of nipple inflammation
mastitis
31
alveoli and stroma undergo hyperplasia/hypertrophy
lactating mammary glands
32
L and R mom is lactating
L: normal R: lactating
33
benign on a stalk hyperplasia of cells that line the ducts/sinuses of the nipple
intraductal papilloma
34
intraductal papilloma
35
painless firm easily moved benign mass 15-35 yrs
fibroadenoma
36
increase in fibrous tissue around the glands squeeze them into strange structures; always look the same
Fibroadenoma
37
men and women "leaf like pattern" large mass on imaging
Phyllodes Tumor
38
Phyllodes Tumor
39
40-60 slow growing does not become cancer
breast lipoma
40
normal duct
41
hyperplasia
42
dysplasia (breast intraepithelial neoplasia)
43
carcinoma in situ (breast intraepithelial neoplasia)
44
invasive carcinoma
45
requires hormones for growth such as estrogen, progesterone and Her2
breast cancer
46
family history BRCA 1 and 2 mutations no babies (nulliparity)
breast cancer risks
47
cells of mammary gland that are most commonly where cancer in breast starts
"stem cells"
48
cancer starting in duct
ductal carcinoma
49
cancer starting in alveoli
lobular carcinoma
50
cancer restricted to basement membrane
Dysplasia
51
pink is necrosis; calcifications; multiple layers of cells
DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ)
52
invasive carcinoma
53
what subtype of DCIS
comedeo
54
subtype of DCIS gland inside of gland
cribriform
55
many alveoli filled with a bunch of cells doesn't produce a mass can occur in both breast
LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ)
56
where DCIS and LCIS live, ____ cancer lives too
invasive
57
redness and scaly skin around nipple
Paget's disease of the breast
58
can be mistaken for dermatitis has 100% chance of additional invasive cancer in same breast
Paget's disease of breast
59
firm, immovable mass
invasive ductal carcinoma
60
preceded by DCIS
invasive ductal carinoma
61
bilateral lesions single rows of cells without duct formation
invasive lobular carcinoma
62
Decreased cadherin= holds cells together, so this is why not forming glands anymore—single cancer cells
invasive lobular carcinoma
63
invasive ductal carcinoma
64
invasive lobular carcinoma
65
average age of 70 pools of mucin ER and PR + adipose tissue
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
66
(growth factor gene); constantly growing cells compared to normal cells; can stain for receptors or fluorescence
HER2
67
most common mutation of any cancer
P53
68
(have medications for); estrogen and progesterone stain
ER and PR
69
>14% (more cells in cell cycle division) has what prognosis
worse
70
very bad form of breast cancer and seem to spread bc don’t have a way for immune system to bind on them
triple negative (ER, PR, HER2 -)
71
DNA repair genes; if they are broken, you can’t fix DNA that is mutated
BRCA 1 and 2
72
Mutated gene (BRCA1) has an increased risk of ______ cancer
ovarian
73
_____ mutation has an increased risk for pancreatic cancer and melanoma
BRCA 2
74
warm, swollen, painful breast Peau d' orange
inflammatory breast cancer
75
Peau d' orange
76
inflammatory breast cancer
77
Extensive lymphatic spread from the ductal or lobular invasive cancer
inflammatory breast cancer
78
Progression of DCIS or LCIS in the breast to the lymphatics of the breast
inflammatory breast cancer
79
cancer 1 cm; remove it, pretty much 100% survival
stage 1
80
2 cm (maybe 1-2 lymph nodes around it); 90% survival rate
stage 2
81
dimpling (so you know it has spread to lymphatics); 50% survival rate
stage 3
82
spread to other organs; 16% - 20% survival rate
stage 4

ENR Biweekly 2 (11 decks)

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