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ENR Biweekly 2 > Hunter- patient w/ lump in her breast > Flashcards

Hunter- patient w/ lump in her breast Flashcards

1
Q

____ exposure increases patient’s risk for breast cancer

A

hormone

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2
Q

protective against breast cancer

A

breastfeeding

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3
Q

primary or secondary relatives matter for breast cancer

A

primary

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4
Q

for breast exam, examine patient in what two positions

A

sitting and supine with hands by their side or overhead

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5
Q

lymph node basins to examine when doing breast exam

A

cervical
supraclavicular
axillary

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6
Q
A

signs and symptoms of breast cancer

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7
Q

when to start getting screening mammograms

A

40 years old and above

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8
Q

used to evaluate a specific sign/symptom of effected side

A

diagnostic mammogram

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9
Q

Mammograms are not the best for ______ patients b/c they have denser breasts and makes it difficult to see small early cancers

A

younger

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10
Q

ideal for patients with really dense breasts (think like CT scan of breasts, taking smaller cuts)

A

3D mammogram

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11
Q

defined borders; well-circumscribed

A

cysts

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12
Q

irregular and fixed

A

cancer

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13
Q

what’s concerning is when ______ that are usually not of concern start taking on an abnormal appearance——pleomorphic or linear

A

calcifications

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14
Q
A

breast cancer

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15
Q
A

fibroademona

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16
Q
A

simple breast cyst

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17
Q

Can be used as an adjunct for screening in high-risk patients; helps identify size of mass

A

MRI

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18
Q

used to stage patients; IV contrast

A

CT

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19
Q

staging imaging (after CT); cancer cells with higher metabolic rate will take up the radioactive tracers

A

PET scan

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20
Q

used for patient presenting with nipple discharge and unable to find specific duct its coming from on other imaging modalities

A

Galactogram/Ductography

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21
Q

how to manage pt who is BIRADS 1 (normal)

A

routine screening

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22
Q

how to manage pt who is BIRADS 2 (benign)

A

routine screening

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23
Q

how to manage pt who is BIRADS 3 (probably benign)

A

repeat imaging in 6 months

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24
Q

how to manage pt who is BIRADS 4 (suspicious)

A

biopsy considered

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25
how to manage pt who is BIRADS 5 (highly suggestive of malignancy)
refer to surgeon
26
biopsy proven malignancy is BIRADS ___
6
27
done in clinic but really just getting cells; aspirate cysts (biopsy)
Fine needle aspiration
28
what is usually recommended for biopsy
core needle biopsy
29
taking part of it out
incisional
30
taking the whole thing out
excisional
31
well defined, mobile breast mass
benign
32
hard, irregular, fixed breast mass
malignant
33
imaging for breast mass in patient < 30 yrs old
ultrasound
34
imaging for breast mass in patient > 30 yrs old
mammogram and US
35
type of biopsy if cyst is symptomatic or contains debris
fine needle aspiration
36
type of biopsy if mass is suspicious
core needle biopsy
37
benign tumor containing glandular and fibrous tissue
fibroadenoma
38
uncommon fibroepithelial breast tumor w/ leaf-like papillary projections; spreads hematogenously
Phyllodes tumor
39
varying amounts of glandular, adipose, and fibrous tissue; normal cells in abnormal configuration
hamartoma
40
fatty tumor; soft; well-circumscribed
lipoma
41
benign lesion with vascular component
PASH (pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia)
42
redness and pain
mastitis
43
abscess
44
necrosis
45
red, crusty, irritation to nipple
Paget's
46
if you see Paget's, what else do you need to think
underlying invasive carcinoma
47
_____% of breast cancers occur in women with no family history of breast cancer
85
48
Family history of breast cancer Increased age Obesity Alcohol Smoking Exposure to Estrogen
risk factors for breast cancer
49
how is obesity risk factor for breast cancer
adipose tissue helps make estrogen
50
Most common genetic mutation associated with increased risk of breast cancer is linked to mutation in ___ and ____ genes
BRCA1 and BRCA2
51
mutation linked to breast and ovarian cancer
BRCA1
52
type of breast cancer that does not spread to lymph nodes and does not metastasize
non-invasive (DCIS and LCIS)
53
breast cancer that has the potential to metastasize
invasive
54
most common breast cancer
ductal
55
invasive w/ sudden onset, edema, peua d' orange
inflammatory breast cancer
56
different receptors of breast cancer
ER PR HER2
57
to treat ER+, PR+
hormonal therapy
58
to treat ER-, PR-
chemo
59
to treat HER2+
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
60
axillary lymph node dissection is removal of what nodes
level I and II
61
in a mastectomy, what are the borders you excise to
medially to sternum superiorly to clavicle laterally to latissimus dorsi posteriorly to pectoralis m
62
Diabetes, smokers will not do well with ______ mastectomy due to increased risk of complications
nipple sparing
63
____prevents local recurrence
radiation
64
breast lymphatic drainage 97% to what nodes
axillary
65
breast lymphatics:
axillary parasternal supraclavicular
66
first set of lymph nodes to receive lymphatic drainage
sentinel lymph nodes
67
dye to visually inspect nodes when removing to biopsy
methylene blue
68
level of axillary node lateral to pec minor muscle
level I
69
level of axillary node posterior to pec minor muscle
level II
70
level of axillary node medial to pec minor node (dont use this level anymore)
level III
71
hormonal therapy for breast cancer in premenopausal women
Tamoxifen
72
hormonal therapy for breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Letrozole
73
SE of hormonal therapy
menopausal symptoms
74
chemo is used for what two types of breast cancer
invasive triple -
75
patients who don't get chemo
76
postop surveillance for breast cancer
seen every 3-6 months for clinical exam for 5 years; annual mammogram
77
patients who have undergone _____ dont need mammogram
mastectomy

ENR Biweekly 2 (11 decks)

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