LeDoux- Embryology

Question 1

where do you find pituitary gland

Answer 1

hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica

Question 2

down growth of diencephalon

Answer 2

pituitary gland

Question 3

primitive oral cavity (surface ectoderm)

Answer 3

stomodeum

Question 4

which two structures

Answer 4

infundibulum and Rathke’s pouch

Question 5

Cells of the anterior wall of Rathke’s pouch increase rapidly and form the _____ of the adenohypophysis

Answer 5

Pars Distalis

Question 6

extension of anterior lobe that grows along stalk of infundibulum and surrounds it

Answer 6

Pars Tuberalis

Question 7

The posterior wall of Rathke’s pouch develops into the ______

Answer 7

Pars Intermedia

Question 8

everything associated w/ anterior lobe is coming from what

Answer 8

Rathke’s pouch (surface ectoderm)

Question 9

posterior lobe derived from

Answer 9

neuroectoderm

Question 10

where is this tumor on the R derived from

Answer 10

(craniopharyngioma) derived from surface ectoderm (Rathke’s pouch)

Question 11

Initially, a solid mass of endodermal cells that are then invaded by vascular mesenchyme

Answer 11

thyroid gland

Question 12

Initially connected to the foramen cecum by the thyroglossal duct and then it should disappear

Answer 12

thyroid gland

Question 13

born with no thryoid
growth retardation
mental deficiency
skeletal abnormalities

Answer 13

congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Question 14

Answer 14

ectopic thyroid tissue

Question 15

Answer 15

thyroglossal duct cysts

Question 16

how many and where are the parathyroid glands

Answer 16

2 superior
2 inferior
posterior aspect of thyroid gland

Question 17

pharyngeal pouches that parathyroid glands arise from

Answer 17

3 and 4

Question 18

dorsal part of 3rd pouch gives rise to _____ parathyroid glands

Answer 18

inferior

Question 19

ventral part of 3rd pouch gives rise to _____

Answer 19

thymus

Question 20

dorsal part of 4th pouch gives rise to ____

Answer 20

superior parathyroid glands

Question 21

ventral part of 4th pouch gives rise to _____

Answer 21

ultimobranchial body

Question 22

outer zone of adrenal cortex (name and what it produces)

Answer 22

zona glomerulosa (makes aldosterone)

Question 23

middle zone of adrenal cortex (name and what it makes)

Answer 23

zona fasciculata; makes cortisol

Question 24

inner zone of adrenal cortex (name and what it makes)

Answer 24

zona reticularis; makes andogrens

Question 25

medulla of adrenal gland makes

Answer 25

catecholamines (from neural crest cells)

Question 26

what generates adrenal cortex and gonads

Answer 26

adrenogonadal primordium

Question 27

____ zone of the cortex are invaded by neural crest cells and form what _____

Answer 27

Fetal Zone; forms medulla

Question 28

Toward the end of the third month, a second wave of mesodermal cells penetrates the mesenchyme and surrounds the fetal cortex. These cells form the ____

Answer 28

Definitive Zone of the cortex

Question 29

____zone mainly responsible for making DHEA (important in maintaining placenta)

Answer 29

Fetal Zone

Question 30

___ zone is responsible for making cortisol

Answer 30

Definitive zone

Question 31

____zone responsible for making glucocorticoids

Answer 31

transitional zone

Question 32

the ______ zone of the cortex regresses at birth, b/c no longer have to maintain placenta

Answer 32

Fetal Zone

Question 33

doesn’t form until 5-8 years old

Answer 33

zona reticularis

Question 34

Fetal cortex making way more androgens than its supposed to

In female fetus: will get masculinization of external genitalia

Answer 34

congenital adrenal hyperplasia
(adrenogenital syndrome)