Somatosensory

Question 1

What are the primary sensory neurons for pain and temperature?

Answer 1

neurons of the dorsal root ganglia

Question 2

What are the sensory projection neurons for pain and temperature?

Answer 2

neurons of the dorsal horn nucleus

Question 3

Where are the sensory ascending tracts located for pain and temperature?

Answer 3

in the the lateral funiculus

Question 4

What do the sensory ascending tracts in the lateral funiculus communicate with?

Answer 4

the lateral cervical nucleus

Question 5

What is the destination for sensory innervation for pain and temperature?

Answer 5

somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex via the thalamus

Question 6

What does a free nerve ending sense?

Answer 6

pain and temperature

Question 7

Where are free nerve endings located?

Answer 7

in the epidermis

Question 8

What does a hair follicle terminal sense?

Answer 8

touch

Question 9

Where is a hair follicle terminal located?

Answer 9

it is attached to the hair follicle in the dermis

Question 10

What does Merkel’s corpuscle sense?

Answer 10

touch and pressure

Question 11

Where are Merkel’s corpuscles located?

Answer 11

in the junction between the dermis and epidermis

Question 12

What does Meissner’s corpuscle sense?

Answer 12

touch and vibration

Question 13

Where is Meissner’s corpuscle located?

Answer 13

in the dermis in the dermal papilla

Question 14

Where is the lateral cervical nucleus located?

Answer 14

adjacent to the dorsal horn of C1-C2

Question 15

What senses does the lateral cervical nucleus mediate?

Answer 15

pain, temperature, and touch modalities

Question 16

What type of tract is the spinothalamic tract?

Answer 16

ascending tract

Question 17

What does the spinothalamic tract sense?

Answer 17

somatic and visceral pain, temperature, and touch

Question 18

What type of tract is the spinocervicothalamic tract?

Answer 18

ascending tract

Question 19

What does the spinocervicothalamic tract sense?

Answer 19

somatic pain and touch

Question 20

What is the destination for the spinothalamic and spinocervicothalamic tracts?

Answer 20

somatosensory areas located in the post cruciate gyrus, rostral suprasylvian gyrus, and rostral ectosylvian gyrus

Question 21

What is a dermatome?

Answer 21

the area of the skin innervated by sensory fibers of a single dorsal root that is mapped on the somesthetic area of the cerebral cortex

Question 22

What is proprioception?

Answer 22

sense of position, direction, and velocity of movement

Question 23

What structures are proprioceptors?

Answer 23

muscle spindle, golgi-tendon organ, and pacinian and Ruffini’s corpuscles

Question 24

What do muscle spindles sense?

Answer 24

changes in length of muscle fibers

Question 25

What do golgi-tendon organs sense?

Answer 25

changes in muscle tension

Question 26

What do Pacinian and Ruffini's corpuscles do?

Answer 26

sense joint movement

Question 27

Where are Pacinian and Ruffini's corpuscles located?

Answer 27

in joint capsules

Question 28

Where are muscle spindles located?

Answer 28

in the perimysium

Question 29

What part of the brain do proprioceptive signals go to?

Answer 29

the cerebrum and the cerebellum

Question 30

What is propioception essential for?

Answer 30

regulation of posture and movement

Question 31

What systems are required for proprioceptive positioning test?

Answer 31

sensory and motor systems

Question 32

What side of the body do proprioceptive signals of the cerebrum communicate with?

Answer 32

the contralateral side

Question 33

What side of the body do proprioceptive signals of the cerebellum communicate with?

Answer 33

the ipsilateral side

Question 34

Where are the ascending systems for proprioception located (area for thoracic and pelvic)?

Answer 34

from C1-T5 and caudal to T5

Question 35

What does the ascending system from C1-T5 control?

Answer 35

cervical-upper thoracic area and thoracic limbs

Question 36

What does the ascending system caudal to T5 control?

Answer 36

the trunk, pelvic limbs, and tail

Question 37

What spinal nuclei mediate proprioception?

Answer 37

dorsal horn sensory nuclei and nucleus thoracicus

Question 38

Where is nucleus thoracicus located?

Answer 38

in T1-L4 cord segments at the base of the dorsal horn

Question 39

What ascending tracts are associated with proprioception for the cervical/upper thoracic areas and the thoracic limbs?

Answer 39

fasciculus cuneatus and spinocuneocerebellar tract

Question 40

Where are the fasciculus cuneatus and the spinocuneocerebellar tract located?

Answer 40

in the dorsal funiculus

Question 41

What does the fasciculus cuneatus go to?

Answer 41

the cerebrum of the contralateral side

Question 42

What does the spinocuneocerebellar tract go to?

Answer 42

the cerebellum of the ipsilateral side

Question 43

What primary sensory neurons for the trunk and pelvic limbs are associated with proprioception?

Answer 43

DRG neurons

Question 44

What tracts are associated with proprioception for the trunk and pelvic limbs?

Answer 44

spinomedullary tract and dorsal spinocerebellar tract

Question 45

Where are the spinomedullary and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts located?

Answer 45

in the lateral funiculus

Question 46

What does the spinomedullary tract go to?

Answer 46

the cerebrum of the contralateral side

Question 47

What does the dorsal spinocerebellar tract go to?

Answer 47

the cerebellum of the ipsilateral side