Cerebellum

Question 1

What are the functions of the cerbellum?

Answer 1

it ensures smooth and coordinated goal directed movement, helps maintain posture, and helps maintain balance

Question 2

What does the cerebellum work with to ensure smooth and coordinated goal directed movement?

Answer 2

the cortex

Question 3

What does the cerebellum work with to help maintain posture?

Answer 3

reticular formation

Question 4

What does the cerebellum work with to help maintain balance?

Answer 4

vestibular system

Question 5

What is the nodulus?

Answer 5

a part of the vermis that is connected to the flocculus via the flocculonodular peduncle

Question 6

What is the function of the nodulus?

Answer 6

it works to modify the vestibular nuclei

Question 7

What do all cerebellar inputs and outputs go through?

Answer 7

the peduncles

Question 8

What does the cerebellum receive input from?

Answer 8

cerebral cortex, brainstem motor centers, and proprioceptors

Question 9

What proprioceptors does the cerebellum receive information from?

Answer 9

spinocuneocerebellar tract, dorsal spinocerebellar tract, and ventral spinocerebellar trect

Question 10

What are the inputs from the cerebellum processed in?

Answer 10

the cerebellar cortex

Question 11

Which peduncle do cerebellar outputs go through?

Answer 11

the rostral peduncle

Question 12

What does most of the output from the cerebellum come from?

Answer 12

three cerebellar nuclei (on each side of the cerebellum)

Question 13

Is the output from the cerebellar nuclei excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 13

excitatory

Question 14

Aside from the cerebellar nuclei, where does cerebellar output come from?

Answer 14

direct output from the cortex of the flocculonodular lobe to the vestibular nuclei

Question 15

What do purkinje cells in the cerebellum do?

Answer 15

they inhibit the cerebellar nuclei; the more activity the more inhibition

Question 16

What are the cerebellar modules and what part of the cerebellum are they associated with?

Answer 16

pontocerebellar - cerebellar hemisphere
spinocerebellar - vermis
vestibulocerebellar - nodulus, flocculonodular peduncle, and flocculus

Question 17

What is the cerebellums effect on the vestibular nuclei?

Answer 17

it is inhibitory

Question 18

What is an examble of a unilateral cerebellar lesion that causes cerebellar and vestibular signs?

Answer 18

paradoxical vestibular syndrome

Question 19

What happens when there is something wrong with the pontocerebellar module?

Answer 19

lack of coordination of flexor and extensor muscles, ataxia, and hypermetria

Question 20

What is ataxia?

Answer 20

uncoordinated movement

Question 21

What is hypermetria?

Answer 21

when movements are too big

Question 22

What occurs when there is something wrong with the spinocerebellar module?

Answer 22

impaired control of postural maintenance (wide stance) and impaired control of timing and force of limb muscle contraction (dysmetria and intention tremor)

Question 23

What is cerebellar hypoplasia?

Answer 23

underdevelopment of the cerebellum

Question 24

What can cause cerebellar hypoplasia?

Answer 24

viral infection during in utero development such as canine herpes virus, feline panleukopenia virus, and bovine viral diarrhea

Question 25

What is cerebellar abiotrophy?

Answer 25

when purkinje cells die

Question 26

What can cause inflammation in the cerebellum?

Answer 26

canine distemper virus

Question 27

What toxins can cause cerebellar disease?

Answer 27

ethylene glycol, organophosphates, and pyrethroids

Question 28

What intoxicants can cause cerebellar disease?

Answer 28

ethanol