Somatosensation 3 Flashcards
Pleasure and pain
Opposing forces - pleasure remedies pain
(Opioids affect brain - reward centre)
Describe wanting
Pleasure = related to processing of rewards = has 2 parts
1 = wanting = want reward, release of dopamine in frontal lobe = helps you increase energy and more motivated to get rewards
Describe liking
Pleasure = related to processing of rewards = has 2 parts
2 = liking, release opioids in Edonic hotspots
Describe motivation decision model
Anything more Important than pain will inhibit it
Open and shutting down circuits based on stimuli - found neurons in brain stem that can inhibit pain based on pleasure
Morphine- opioids = activates off neurons = inhibits transmission of pain at level of spinal cord
If naxolone = to on neuron = increases pain
Describe flow - being in zone
State of intense focuse and absorption in an activity where a person is fully immersed in task at hand and loses track of time and their surroundings
Effortless focused attention
Flow = usually when you do something you like and are very good at
Describe exp = preferred vs non preferred video games
2 back = standard
Left right
Least preferred game
Preferred game
Adn saw if affected pain
Results = pain intensity less if both preferred and least preferred game, if pain unpleasantness= much better if playing preferred game
Effects of playing video games mediated by self ratings of flow = why vduioe games efficient at reducing pain = induce more flow
Dopamine state = in high pursuit of rewards
Describe exp = effects of passion for chess
More profound chess players
= saw pain reduced by 50% = effects more profound in expert chess players
Describe favourite music
More efficient at reducing pain significantly
Conclusions - motivation decision model
If something more important than pain = reduces it
Uses nts = noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine
Conclusions - wanting vs liking
Also in brain - if engaged in something that matters to you = probably not processesing pain as much
What causes pain, what is pain
Product of brain activity
Only measured by ppl saying how they feel
Like qualia
But nociception can be measured
Describe nociception witout pain
Stress induced analgesia = soemething more important than pain so inhibits it
Related to release nroeadrenline at level of spinal cord
Descrive pain without nociception
Phantom limb pain
Ex = nail in foot, but went between toes, but man thought it was inside toe = pain
Describe pain vs nociception = what melzack thought = statements
Body self, widespread network neurons = loops between thalamus and cortex and between cortex and limbic system
Neuromatrix
Repeated cyclical processing and synthesis of nerve impulses through neuromatrix = imparts characteristic pattern = neurosignature
Describe pain vs nociception = what melzack thought = specifically dimensions
Pain = complex, multidimensional experience
Composed of 3 dimensions = sensory dimension, effective motivations, cognitive and evaluative component
Describe pain vs nociception = what melzack thought = neurosignature
Pain = signature pattern activity in brain
In regions of brain important for representing state of body or the self = neuromatrix
Sense of body = specific pattern in these regions
Descrive pain matrix - gen
Anterior insula, thalamus, s2 and dorso-posterior insula
Somatosensory cortices
Aneterior cingulate cortex and insula
Somatosensory cortices
Primary somatosensory cortex
Sensory dimension
Anterior cingulate cortex and insula
Affective dimension = emotional
Lesion primary somatosensory cortex
In right side legion
Then left side = deficit in sensory dimension of pain = no pain but still said it’s unpleasant = emotional remains
Describe phantom limb pain= who
60-80% of patients experience painful phantom sensations
5-10% = severe
Absent in young infants - bc plasticity of brain involved
Describe phantom limb pain= when
First days/weeks after amputation
Intermittent and tends to decrease over time
Describe phantom limb pain = proportional to
Pain proportional to degree of functional reorganization of primary somatosenory cortex
= somatotopic organization —> adjacent body parts invade brain area dedciated to lost limb = brain gets confused
Describe phantom limb pain brain exp = areas light up
If look at somatotopic location of head
= ppl with phantom pain = also produce actuality in hand, bc head invaded area that used to be associated with hand
Not the same for amputees without pain and healthy controls
