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NOSS > Somatic Nervous System > Flashcards

Somatic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the somatic nervous system?

A
  • Receptors and/or free nerve endings
  • Afferent (sensory) nerve and ascending pathways
  • Specific areas of CNS (e.g. somatomotor cortex)
  • Efferent (descending) pathways in CNS
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2
Q

There is One efferent neurone in peripheral nervous system - describe it:

A
  • Cell body in CNS
  • Myelinated for rapid conduction
  • Releases the neurotransmitter
    Acetylcholine (ACh)
  • Innervates only skeletal muscle
  • Always excitatory i.e. causes contraction
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3
Q

Signal transduction route:
Afferent nerves are involved with the reception of stimuli - what can the stimuli be?

A
  • touch
  • heat
  • pain
  • hearing
  • sight
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4
Q

How is incoming information coordinated?

A
  • coordinated by the spinal cord, somatomotor cortex, and the cerebellum to achieve skilled motor programs
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5
Q

What causes muscle contraction?

A
  • Efferent nerves that transmit impulses form the CNS to the skeletal muscles
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6
Q

How does the somatic path work?

A
  1. Sensory receptor in skin detects flies biting for example
  2. Sensory (afferent) neurone conducts nerve impulse to the CNS
  3. Ascending neurone in CNS carry information to cerebral cortex where the information is consciously perceived
  4. Brain interprets and plans a response
  5. Nerve impulse is conducted from the upper motor neurone of the somatomotor cortex to the spinal (lower) motor neurone
  6. Somatic lower motor neurone carries impulses to skeletal muscles which contract
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7
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

= neural pathway mediating a reflex action

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8
Q

Sensory (afferent) inputs do not go straight to the brain - what do they do instead?
what does this allow?

A
  • synapse in spinal cord with an efferent (motor) neurone
  • This allows reflex actions to occur quickly – does not rely on routing info to brain for a decision!
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9
Q

What does the brain receive while the reflex action occurs?

A
  • sensory input
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10
Q

Why are reflexes considered somatic even through they are not voluntary?

A
  • Reflexes that output to skeletal muscles use the same nerve pathways as somatic NS, so are considered somatic
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11
Q

Some reflexes are visceral (autonomic) and are therefore not somatic - give an example:

A
  • E.g. baroreceptor reflex (blood pressure)
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12
Q

How do you perform the withdrawal reflex?

A
  • Pinch toe
  • Flexor muscles contract
  • Limb is withdrawn
    (Conscious acknowledgement)
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13
Q

What does testing the withdrawal reflex allow?

A
  • Testing a reflex allows the vet to evaluate all components along that path
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14
Q

Combining findings from multiple tests allows vet to localise the problem and lead on to what?

A
  • Further testing e.g. where to x-ray
  • Differential diagnoses
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15
Q

During the withdrawal reflex what happens when the toe is pinched?

A
  • Afferent neurone to CNS
  • Ulnar, median or radial nerve (depending on where you pinch - lateral, palmar or dorsal sensory innervation)
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16
Q

During the withdrawal reflex what happens in the CNS?

A
  • Synapse of afferent and efferent nerve (via interneurone)
  • C6-T2 of spinal cord (brachial plexus region)
17
Q

What happens when the limb is withdrawn?

A
  • Efferent neurone to muscles (flexors of all forelimb joints)
  • E.g. axillary, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar nn.
18
Q

What is involved in animal acknowledgement (lick paw)?

A
  • Ascending sensory pathways and forebrain
19
Q

What do somatosensory receptors detect?

A
  • pain, temperature, touch and body position (proprioception), so that the animal can perceive and respond
20
Q

Where are Golgi tendon organs located and what do they detect?

A
  • tendons
  • stretch
21
Q

Where are muscle spindles located and what do they detect?

A
  • muscle
  • stretch
22
Q

Where are meisnners corpuscles located and what do they detect?

A
  • skin
  • light touch
23
Q

Where are Merkel’s disks located and what do they detect?

A
  • skin
  • touch and textures
24
Q

Where are pancinian corpuscle located and what do they detect?

A
  • skin
  • pain and deep pressure
25
Q

Where are ruffini corpuscle located and what do they detect?

A
  • skin, joints, ligaments
  • stretch and proprioception
26
Q

Where are free nerve endings located and what do they detect?

A
  • skin, deep tissues, organs
  • pain, temperature

NOSS (7 decks)

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