Somatic and Obsessive Disorders - Chapter 6 Content

Question 1

What are the 5 basic somatic symptoms and related disorders?

Answer 1

Somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, psychological affecting medical condition, conversion disorder, and factitious disorder.

Question 2

What are some of the criteria for somatic symptom disorder in the DSM-5?

Answer 2

A. one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life.
B. excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviours related to somatic symptoms or associated health concerns.
C. The state of being symptomatic is persistent

Question 3

What are the criteria for illness anxiety disorder?

Answer 3

A. Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness
B. Somatic symptoms are not present or mild in intensity.
C. high level of anxiety about health
D. performs excessive health-related behaviours
E. illness preoccupations have been present for at least 6 months
F. not better explained by another disorder

Question 4

What are the causes of somatic symptoms and illness anxiety disorder?

Answer 4

These disorders are all due to cognition or perception with strong emotional contributions. Most likely found in bio or psychological factors

Question 5

What are the 3 factors that may contribute to the etiological process for these disorders?

Answer 5

1. They could develop in the context of a stressful life event
2. may have a disproportionate incidence of disease in their family when they were children
3. important social and interpersonal influence

Question 6

Describe the psychological factors affecting medical condition?

Answer 6

Where psychological characteristics affect a diagnosed medical condition such as asthma being exacerbated by anxiety.

Question 7

Define conversion disorders.

Answer 7

Physical malfunctions such as blindness suggest neurological impairment with no organic pathology to account for it.
- affecting sensory-motor system
- experiences physical symptoms but not realizing they are psych based

Question 8

What is the criteria for conversion disorder in the DSM-5?

Answer 8

A. one or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function
B. Clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptoms and recognized neurological or medical conditions
C. the symptoms or deficit is not better explained by another medical or mental disorder
D. causes clinically significant distress

Question 9

Define malingering.

Answer 9

Deliberately faking a physical or psychological disorder motivated by gain. usually have the same quality of indifference to symptoms and are often precipitated by marked stress.

Question 10

What is factitious disorders?

Answer 10

Nonexistent disorders are deliberately fake for no apparent gain except possibly sympathy and attention.

Question 11

What are the 4 basic processes in the development of conversion disorder?

Answer 11

1. individual experiences a traumatic event
2. conflict and the resulting anxiety
3. anxiety continues to increase and threatens to emerge into consciousness
4. individual receives greatly increased attention and sympathy from loved ones

Question 12

Define OCD

Answer 12

Anxiety involves unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them.

Question 13

Define obsessions and compulsions.

Answer 13

Obsessions are intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges. It must consist of recurrent and persistent thoughts and how the individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts. Compulsions are repetitive behaviours that are aimed to prevent or reduce distress or prevent some dreadful events or situations.

Question 14

What is the criteria for OCD from the DSM-5?

Answer 14

A. presence of obsessions, or compulsions or both.
B. consumes more than 1 hours per day to relieve
C. not from any other medical condition
D. not explained by a better mental disorder
a person must have insight into their psychological disorder

Question 15

What are the 4 types of OCD?

Answer 15

1. Symmetry/exactness
2. forbidden thoughts or actions
3. Cleaning/contamination
4. hoarding

Question 16

What are some treatments for OCD?

Answer 16

The most effective one is meds with the reuptake of serotonin such as SSRI’s and ERP which is exposure and ritual prevention with gradual exposure. Medical treatment (clomipramine and SSRI’s), Psych (CBT+ Exposre&Response Prevention, mindfulness)

Question 17

Define body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).

Answer 17

Somatoform disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance. Focusing on imaging defects in their body, preoccupations focuses on minimal or non-existent flaws. Treatment are SSRI’s, CBT, surgical interventions

Question 18

Define hoarding disorder.

Answer 18

People who have problems with this problem have the excessive acquisition of things, difficulty discarding anything and live with excessive clutter under conditions best characterized as gross disorganization.

Question 19

Define trichotillomania and excoriation

Answer 19

People have the urge to pull their own hair from anywhere on their bodies and skin-picking disorder and treatment is habit reverse training.

Question 20

What is the difference between the DSM-IV and DSM-V in relation to how they categorized somatic disorders?

Answer 20

DSM-IV: Had hypochondriasis for pain disorders
DSM-V: no longer have a pain disorder, they replaced it with somatic symptom and illness anxiety disorder.

Question 21

What are some symptoms of health anxiety?

Answer 21

Worry about health, noticing aches and pains, increased awareness of bodily sensations/changes, fear of self-being ill, negative view of future if develop illness, believing that illness is highly likely

Question 22

What do most people do when they are being assessed for health anxiety?

Answer 22

1. mostly occurs by process of elimination
2. people go to physicians first
3. medical tests are done first
4. psychological factors are considered if no explanation for symptoms
5. psychological diagnosis does not mean there isn’t a medical condition, but that the anxiety around it is disproportionate

Question 23

Define somatic symptom disorder.

Answer 23

• Experiencing physical symptoms
• the constant feeling of weakness, ill or pain
• Fears with co-existing health conditions need to be disproportionate

Question 24

What is the criteria for Somatic symptom disorder?

Answer 24

• one or more symptoms that distressing daily life
• persistent thoughts about seriousness OR high levels of anxiety about health OR excessive time devoted to health concerns

Question 25

What is the etiology for somatic symptom disorder?

Answer 25

Does run in families, general predisposition to over-respond to stress, learning in families may contribute, factors such as tendency to misinterpret physical stimuli as threat

Question 26

Explain how physical symptoms can arrive from psychological reasoning.

Answer 26

The way people perceive and attend can be a factor, also the fact that the brain and body are connected.

Question 27

Define chronic pain.

Answer 27

Not a disorder in DSM-V, classified as somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain, pain could occur following stressor, processed in the brain

Question 28

What are the 5 main behaviours of health anxiety disorders?

Answer 28

Seeking medical attention, avoidance, reassurance seeking, checking (looking info on internet), and monitoring body.

Question 29

What are the treatments for Healthy anxiety disorders?

Answer 29

CBT (focusign on behavioural symptoms through exposure and response prevention, ERP)
Creating fear hierarchy
Gradual exposure

Question 30

How does CBT help with addressing anxious thoughts and behaviours?

Answer 30

Behaviours: gradual exposure, stress management, social support
Thoughts: identifying negative automatic thoughts and evaluating them on the accuracy, collaborative process with the client

Question 31

What are some of the etiology for OCD?

Answer 31

Heritability, brain function (role of the orbital frontal cortex and basal ganglia), social and environmental factours

Question 32

What are some of the response to obsessions?

Answer 32

Compulsions (behavioura\l and mental), safety behaviours (wearing gloves to take out trash), reassurance from others, avoidance

Question 33

Explain thoughts-action fusions.

Answer 33

The belief is that having a thought is just as bad as actions, or that it means something bad will happen. Attempts at though suppressions

Question 34

What happen to memory with the more checking someone does?

Answer 34

The more you check, the less you can remember the specific details making you less confident of that memory

Question 35

What are some of the thinking styles that are common in OCD?

Answer 35

Overestimating risk, need for control, persistent doubt, intolerance of uncertainty, predicting the worse

Question 36

Explain how gradual exposure works.

Answer 36

Create a fear hierarchy, and Ticgradual exposure to reduce overall anxiety

Question 37

Tic disorder

Answer 37

Involuntary movements that can occur with OCD