Sex and Gender - Chapter 11 Content

Question 1

what are the 4 types of disorders that can happen among both men and women sexually?

Answer 1

Desire, arousal, orgasm and pain

Question 2

What are the desires in the category of sexual desire?

Answer 2

MEN: male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

FEM: female sexual interest/arousal disorder

Question 3

Define erectile disorder.

Answer 3

Recurring inability in some men to attain or maintain an adequate penile erection until completion of sexual activity. Last approx. 6 months and can be lifelong or acquired (after period of normal sexual function), can be generalized or situational too.

Question 4

What are orgasm disorders?

Answer 4

MEN: delayed ejaculation, orgasmic disorder, premature ejaculation

FEM: female orgasmic disorder (delay or absence of orgasm)

Question 5

What are all sexual pain disorders?

Answer 5

FEM: genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (can be lifelong or acquired) (vasginism)

Question 6

Define vaginismus.

Answer 6

Recurring involuntary muscle spasms in the outer third of the vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse.

Question 7

What are the 4 main steps taken to asses sexual behaviour?

Answer 7

1. interview with the patients (describing sex life, fantasies, masturbation)
2. thorough medical evaluation to rule out any medical problems (medications, surgeries, sexual hormones)
3. psychophysiological assessment to measure the physiological aspect of sexual arousal (look at it when the patient is awake or asleep, can listen to erotic audio and their responsivity is recorded)
4. sensate focus (take away the sex and focus on the physical intimacy)

Question 8

Define paraphilic disorders.

Answer 8

A sexual disorder in which sexual arousal occurs almost exclusively in the context of inappropriate objects or individuals.

Question 9

Define frotteurism disorder.

Answer 9

Sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person, such as on a crowded subway.

Question 10

Define fetishistic disorder.

Answer 10

A long-term, recurring, intense, sexually arousing urge involving nonliving, unusual objects, which cause distress or impairment in life functioning.

Question 11

Define voyeuristic and exhibitionistic disorders.

Answer 11

Voyeuristic: observing an unsuspecting individual undressing or naked in order to become aroused

Exhibitionistic: achieving sexual arousal and gratification by exposing one’s genetical to unsuspecting strangers.

Question 12

Define transvestic disorder.

Answer 12

This is when sexual arousal is strongly associated with the act of dressing in clothes of the other sex (cross-dressing).

Question 13

Define sexual sadism and masochism disorders.

Answer 13

Sadism: arousal is associated with inflicting pain or humiliation

Masochism: arousal is where you experience the pain or humiliation

Question 14

Define pedophilic disorder.

Answer 14

This involves a strong sexual attraction towards children.

Question 15

What is the main treatment for paraphilic disorders?

Answer 15

Covert sensitization and is a CBT intervention to reduce unwanted behaviours by having clients imagine the extremely aversive consequence of the behaviours to create a negative rather than positive association with them.

Question 16

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Answer 16

Sex is the biologically assigned gender at birth based on chromosomes, genitalia and sex hormones. Where gender is someone’s social identity and how that person feels about whatever gender they choose to be.

Question 17

What are the 4 steps in Master and Johnson’s Model of sexual response?

Answer 17

1. excitement
2. plateau
3. orgasm
4. resolution

Question 18

What are the 3 steps of Helen Singers Kaplan’s model?

Answer 18

1. Desire
2. arousal
3. orgasm

Question 19

What are the 5 interchanging stages of Rosemary Basson’s Non-linear model?

Answer 19

1. emotional intimacy
2. sexual stimuli
   3 sexual arousal
3. sexual arousal and drive
4. emotional and physical satisfaction (no orgasm cause it is not always there for women)

Question 20

What is the DSM 5 criteria for sexual dysfunction?

Answer 20

• be clinically significant
• 6 months or more
• causing distress
• no due to other mental disorder OR medication/substance OR medical condition OR severe stressors

Specifiers:
- lifelong vs acquired
- generalized vs situational
- severity

Question 21

Define male hypoactive sexual desire dysfunction.

Answer 21

Persistent deficit or absence:
1. sexual or erotic thoughts
2. desire for sexual activity

Question 22

Define female sexual interest/arousal disorder.

Answer 22

A lack or or significantly reduced
- interest in sex
- erotic thoughts
- initiation of sexual activity
- sexual excitement

Question 23

What are some causes of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 23

• low levels of dopamine
• high levels of serotonin or opioids
• psychological condition
• relationship issues
• fatigue, stress
• medical condition
• medications

Question 24

Define gender dysphoria.

Answer 24

An incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender and there is constant distress.