Psychosis - Chapter 14 Content

Question 1

Define schizophrenia.

Answer 1

Psychotic disorder that may involve characteristic disturbances with delusions, hallucinations, speech, emotions and behaviuor

Question 2

What was the 3 terms used to describe schizophrenia when it was first coming to terms?

Answer 2

Catatonia (immobility and excited agitation), hebephrenia (silly and immature emotionality) and paranoia (delusions of grandeur or persecution)

Question 3

Define psychosis

Answer 3

Used to describe an unusual behaviour, usually involving delusions and hallucinations

Question 4

What are the 3 categories of symptoms?

Answer 4

Positive: symptoms around a distorted reality
Negative: deficits in normal behaviour
Disorganized: rambling speech, erratic behaviour, and inappropriate effect

Question 5

Positive Symptoms

Answer 5

• delusions (a disorder of thought content, strong beliefs)
• hallucinations (experiences of sensory events without any input from the surrounding environment, most common is auditory or visual)

Question 6

Negative Symptoms (the 5 A’s)

Answer 6

• avolition (inability to initiate and persist in activities)
• alogia (relative absence of speech)
• anhedonia (lack of pleasured experiences)
• asociality (lack of interest in social interactions)
• flat affect (do not show emotions when you would normally expect them)

Question 7

Disorganized Symptoms

Answer 7

• disorganized speech (incoherent and lack of typical logic patterns in speech)
• inappropriate effect (laughing or crying at improper times)
• catatonic immobility (remaining motionless, sometimes in awkward positions, for extended periods of time)

Question 8

Define schizophreniform disorder

Answer 8

Psychotic disorders with the same symptoms as schizophrenia but lasts less than 6 months

Question 9

Define schizoaffective disorder

Answer 9

Psychotic disorder with symptoms from both schizophrenia and major mood disorder

Question 10

Define delusional disorder

Answer 10

Involves persistent belief contrary to reality but no other symptoms other than the delusions

Question 11

Define shared psychotic disorder

Answer 11

Where an individual develops a delusion similar to that of a person with whom he or she shares a close relationship too

Question 12

Define substance induced and medical condition psychotic disorder

Answer 12

Substance: from ingestion of meds, psychoactive drugs, or toxins

Medical: symptoms are a direct result of another physiological disorder (ex. brain tumor)

Question 13

Define brief psychotic disorder

Answer 13

Same symptoms as the other disorders but lasts less than one month as it often occurs due to a reaction to a stressor in one’s life

Question 14

Attenuated psychosis syndrome

Answer 14

The disorder involves the onset of psychotic symptoms and puts the person at higher risk for developing schizophrenia

Question 15

Developmental Causes

Answer 15

Predomal stage (period where they show fewer reverse symptoms to indicate a potential diagnosis)
- smoking cannabis or cigarettes

Question 16

Genetic Causes

Answer 16

• runs in families (study of 4 twins all with schizophrenia)
• excess levels of dopamine
• deficiencies in the stimulation of prefrontal receptors
• alterations of prefrontal activity with glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter) transmission
• large lateral and third ventricles
• hypofrontality
• temporal lobe is very active during auditory hallucinations

Question 17

Psychological Causes

Answer 17

• stress
• social class
• schizophrenogenic (a mother who was cold and dominant to cause the disorder in her children)
• expressed emotion (hostility, criticism, and overinvolvement demonstrated by some family members)

Question 18

Biological Treatments

Answer 18

• electroconvulsive therapy for people who suffer from severe episodes of depression
• neuroleptics work by affecting the positive symptoms and lesser the negative and disorganized ones, which can cause side effects like tremours to occur
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 19

What are the 6 types of delusions?

Answer 19

1. Of guild or sin (bizarre)
2. Somatic (non or bizarre)
3. Persecutory (non or bizarre)
4. Of reference (bizarre)
5. Grandiose (non or bizarre)
6. Of being controlled (bizarre)

Question 20

What are the 5 types of hallucinations?

Answer 20

1. Auditory (most common)
2. Visual (2nd most common)
3. Tactile (feeling outside the body)
4. Somatic (feeling insdie the body)
5. Olfactory (odour and smells)

*they think these things are actually real, they have no insight that these are just sensations they are having

Question 21

Psychosocial Treatments

Answer 21

• early intervention programs
• social skills training
• community care programs
• CBT