Solving Problems and Making Decisions - (Module 35) Flashcards
Convergent Thinking
Thinking that looks for only one solution.
Divergent Thinking
Looking for multiple ways to solve problems.
Algorithms
Methodical, logical rules or procedures that guarantee solving a particular problem.
Heuristics
Simple, thinking strategies that allow us to make judgements and solace problems efficiently.
More error prone than algorithm.
Representative Heuristic
Finding something that is more realistic, represents a common thing, and looks more correct.
Availability Heuristic
Anytime we judge the likelihood of something based on information in our recent memories.
Leads to incorrect conclusions based on person experience.
Insight
Sudden and novel realization of the solution to the problem.
Confirmation Bias
Tendency to search for information that confirms a personal bias.
Fixation
Inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective.
Mental Set
Tendency to only see solutions that have worked in the past
Functional Fixedness
Tendency to think only of the familiar function of an object.
Overconfidence
Tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements.
We become more confident than correct.
Framing
The way an issue is posed.
How an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements.
Belief Perseverance
Tendency to cling to our beliefs in the face of contrary evidence.
Intuition
Effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought