Solutions

Question 0

What does a solution consist of?

Answer 0

A solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 1

What is the term for a homogenous mixture of substances that form a single phase?

Answer 1

Solution

Question 2

How do the solute and solvent molecule interact?

Answer 2

Through solvation/ dissolution, known as hydration when water is the solvent, the solvent molecules form a cage-like structure around the solute. It occurs when the attractive forces between solvent and solute are stronger than those between the solute particles.

Like dissolves like!

Question 3

Solubility

Answer 3

The ratio or maximum solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature.

(g solute)/ (100 g solvent)

Question 4

What is the solution when the maximum amount of solute has been added?

Answer 4

Saturated

Question 5

Which salts are water soluble?

Answer 5

All salts of alkali metals, ammonium ions (NH^4+), bromides, chlorides, and iodides (except Ag+, Pb^2+, and Hg^2+), sulfates (SO4^2-) (except Ca^2+, Sr^2+, Ba^2+, and Pb^2+).

Question 6

What are insoluble in water?

Answer 6

All metal oxides (except Alkali, CaO, SrO, and BaO), hydroxides (except Alkali, Ca^2+, Sr^2+, and Ba^2+), carbonates, phosphates, sulfides, and sulfates (except Alkali and ammonium) are insoluble.

Question 7

Aqueous Solution

Answer 7

Water is the solvent.

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

A particle (single or polyatomic) with charge.

Question 9

Why do permanganate and chromate make good oxidizing agents?

Answer 9

They each have an inordinately hight oxidation number, making them more likely to gain electrons to reduce the oxidation number.

Question 10

Electrolytes

Answer 10

Solutes that dissociate in solvent to form a solution that can conduct electricity, producing a larger effect on Colligative properties than would be expected for the concentration.

Question 11

Concentration

Answer 11

Ratio of solute to solvent

Question 12

Percent composition by mass

Answer 12

(mass of solute/ mass of solution) 100

Question 13

Mole Fraction

Answer 13

moles of compound/ total moles in system

Question 14

Molarity

Answer 14

moles of solute/ L of solution

For dilute solution, the volume of solution is approximately equal to volume of solvent.

Question 15

Molality

Answer 15

moles of solute/ kg of solvent

At 25°C for dilute aqueous solutions, molality approximately equals molality, because water has a density of 1 kg/L.

Question 16

Normality

Answer 16

gram equivalent of solute weight/ L of solution

Involves concentration of reactive species and it is reaction dependent.

Question 17

Equation used to determine a dilution

Answer 17

C1V1 = C2V2

Question 18

Ion Product

Answer 18

I.P. = [A^n+]^m [B^m-]^n

Question 19

Solubility Product Constant

Answer 19

Ksp = I.P. In saturated solution

It represents an equilibrium at saturation.
I.P. > Ksp, precipitation occurs

x^2, 4x^3, and 27x^4 for MX, MX2, and MX3, respectively

Question 20

What is occurring when the molar solubility of a salt decreases when another salt, with a common ion, is in the solution.

Answer 20

The Common Ion Effect is an example of Le Châtelier’s Principle.

Question 21

Solution Equilibrium

Answer 21

The point where the rate of dissociation equals the rate of precipitation, even with the addition of more solute.

Question 22

Molar Solubility

Answer 22

Molar amount of solute dissolved in 1 L of solvent until saturation.