Atomic Structure

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Basic building block of matter, consist of protons, electrons, and neutrons

Question 2

Protons

Answer 2

+1

1.0073 amu

Question 3

Neutron

Answer 3

No charge, slightly heavier than a proton

Question 4

Electron

Answer 4

-1

1/1837 mass of proton or neutron

Question 5

Valence electrons

Answer 5

Electrons farthest away from nucleus that participate in bonding

Question 6

Orbital

Answer 6

Region around nucleus where electron is likely to be found

Each has unique assignment for n, l, and m(l) quantum numbers

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

Number of protons

Question 8

Mass Number

Answer 8

Protons + Neutrons

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Dense, positively charged atomic center that contains protons and neutrons

Question 10

Atomic Mass Unit

Answer 10

1/12 of Carbon-12 atom mass

Question 11

Atomic Weight

Answer 11

Average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of a given element, measured in amu

Question 12

Avogadro’s Number

Answer 12

6.022 X 10^23 atoms/ mol

Question 13

Isotopes

Answer 13

Same atomic number, but different neutron number

Question 14

Bohr Model

Answer 14

Atomic model where electrons located in discrete circular orbits around nucleus, with electrostatic force acting as centripetal force

Question 15

What does emission give rise to and how is it useful?

Answer 15

Emission gives rise to fluorescence and the unique atomic emission spectra could be used to identify an element

Question 16

Quantum Mechanics

Answer 16

Study of physics at atomic level with discrete levels of energy

Question 17

Atomic Emission Spectra

Answer 17

Discontinuous spectra of lit produced when electrons emit photons of certain frequencies as they return to their ground states

Question 18

Atomic Absorption Spectra

Answer 18

The spectrum of certain absorbed light wavelengths corresponding to the energy electrons require to jump to the next energy level

Question 19

What is the basis for color in compounds?

Answer 19

Absorption

Question 20

Balmer Series

Answer 20

Set of spectral lines that appear in visible light region when hydrogen atom undergoes transition from energy levels n > 2 to n = 2

Question 21

Lyman Series

Answer 21

Set of spectral lines that appear in UV region when hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from energy levels n > 1 to n = 1

Question 22

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Answer 22

Impossible to determine with perfect accuracy the exact momentum and position of orbiting electron simultaneously

Question 23

Quantum Number

Answer 23

Set of four numbers used to describe electrons energy state

Question 24

Photon

Answer 24

Unit of energy in the form of light equal to hf

Question 25

Pauli Exclusion Principe

Answer 25

No two electrons in the same atom can possess the same set of four quantum numbers

Question 26

Principal Quantum Number

Answer 26

It is any positive integer value and it describes an electron’s energy value
Max number of electrons in energy level n is 2n^2, where the difference in energy between adjacent shells decreases as distance from nucleus increases

Question 27

Azimuthal (Angular Momentum) Quantum Number

Answer 27

Refers to the subshells, ranges from 0 to n-1
l = 0, 1, 2, 3 ===> s, p, d, f
Max number of electrons in a subshell = 4l + 2

Question 28

Magnetic Quantum Number

Answer 28

Specific Region within a subshell where highly likely to find an electron, ranging from -l to l, including 0

Question 29

Spin Quantum Number

Answer 29

-1/2 or + 1/2

Question 30

What are the four quantum numbers?

Answer 30

Principal Quantum Number
Azimuthal Quantum Number
Magnetic Quantum Number
Spin Quantum Number

Question 31

Electron Configuration

Answer 31

Patterned order by which electrons fill subshells and energy levels in an atom

Question 32

Aufbau Principle

Answer 32

Electrons fill an atom in order of increasing energy level

Question 33

Hund’s Rule

Answer 33

Electrons will first fill equal energy orbital of subshell unpaired with parallel spins before coupling with other electrons of opposite spins in same orbital to maximize number of half-filled orbitals, allowing for most stable electron distribution

Question 34

Paschen Series

Answer 34

Set of spectral lines resulting when a hydrogen atom undergoes transition from energy levels n > 4 to n =3

Question 35

Isoelectronic

Answer 35

Two different elements with same electron configuration

Question 36

Paramagnetic

Answer 36

Atom or substance with unpaired electrons and attracted by a magnet

Question 37

Diamagnetic

Answer 37

Atom or substance with no unpaired electrons and repelled by a magnet

Question 38

Pfund Series

Answer 38

Set of spectral lines resulting when a hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from energy levels n > 5 to n = 5