Solutions Flashcards
Solvation is _____ when the new interactions formed are stronger than the old interactions
Exothermic
Solvation is _____ when the new interactions formed weaker than the old interactions
Endothermic
Endothermic solvation is favored at ____ temperatures while exothermic solvation is favored at ____ temperatures
High
Low
____ refers to the number of configurations available to a molecule
Microstates
All Group ___ salts and _____ metal salts are soluble
Group 1 and alkali metal
The equation for mole fraction
X= mol A/total moles
Molarity equation
M= moles solute/liters sol’n
Molality equation:
m= moles solute/kg solvent
1 Equivalent is equal to _____
1 mole of the compound of interest
____ is the number of equivalents of interest in a solution
Normality
The saturation point is an equilibrium point where the rates of ___ and ___ are equal
Dissolution and precipitation
When IP < Ksp the solution is ______
Unsaturated (dissolution will continue)
When IP>Ksp the solution is ____
Saturated (precipitation will occur)
When IP=Ksp the solution is ___
At equilibrium
The solubility of gases is affected by ___, ___ and ____
Temperature, solvent and pressure
This law says that as the amount of solute added increases, the vapor pressure of the solvent decreases
Raoult’s Law
The solute molecules prevent the solvent from evaporating
The equation for boiling point elevation
BP= imKb
The equation for freezing point depression
FP= imKf
The equation for osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure= iMRT
uses molarity instead of molality, like the other equations
The ______ effect describes how there will be a reduction in solubility if the solvent already contains an ion that is also present in the solute
Common ion
