Solubility in an Aqueous World - Noncovalent Interactions in Depth Flashcards
What are noncovalent interactions often referred to as in introductory science courses?
Intermolecular forces.
Where do noncovalent interactions occur?
Between molecules or within larger molecules
What is the strongest type of noncovalent interaction?
Ion-Ion Interactions
Provide an example of an ion-ion interaction.
Na⁺Cl⁻ in a salt crystal.
What do hydrogen bonds occur between?
They occur between a hydrogen donor (e.g., O-H) and an acceptor (e.g., N or O).
Why are hydrogen bonds important?
They are crucial in water and proteins.
Describe an ion-dipole interaction.
It occurs between an ion and a polar molecule, such as Na⁺ interacting with the negative pole of a water molecule.
What is the weakest type of noncovalent interaction?
Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole (London Dispersion Forces).
What occurs in dipole-dipole interactions?
They occur between polar molecules, such as two HCl molecules aligning with opposite poles.
Provide an example of a London dispersion force.
The interaction between two helium (He) atoms.
What does Coulomb’s Law describe?
The electrostatic force (attraction or repulsion) between two charged particles.
What do Van der Waals forces include and not include?
Various noncovalent interactions except ion-ion, including dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and London dispersion forces
How do the energy curves of noncovalent interactions compare to those of covalent bonds?
Noncovalent interactions have shallower energy curves than covalent bonds.
What is the optimal distance in noncovalent interactions?
The distance where attraction is strongest.
