Memorize 20 Amino Acids

Question 1

Amino acids

Answer 1

Building blocks of proteins containing an alpha carbon, a hydrogen, a carboxy group, and an amine.

Question 2

Glycine

Answer 2

The simplest amino acid without an R group, just a H, makes it chiral.

Question 2

Nonpolar amino acids

Answer 2

Include glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine; hydrophobic and aliphatic.

Question 3

Alanine

Answer 3

The smallest amino acid side chain with just a CH3 group, aliphatic and hydrophobic.

Question 3

Valine

Answer 3

Contains an isopropyl group, hydrophobic and aliphatic.

Question 4

Leucine

Answer 4

Contains an isobutyl side chain, aliphatic and hydrophobic.

Question 5

Isoleucine

Answer 5

An isomer of leucine with a different branching pattern specifically shapes L and I, aliphatic and hydrophobic.

Question 5

Polar amino acids (science teaches curiosity that awakens genius)

Answer 5

Include serine, threonine, tyrosine, cystine, asparagine, and glutamine; mostly hydrophilic.

Question 6

Methionine

Answer 6

Contains a sulfur in its side chain, aliphatic and hydrophobic, commonly the start codon in eukaryotic translation.

Question 7

Tryptophan

Answer 7

Complex structure with a bicyclic ring

aromatic and hydrophobic.

Question 7

Phenylalanine

Answer 7

Combines phenyl and alanine, forming a benzyl group

aromatic and hydrophobic.

phenyl on alanine

Question 8

Proline

Answer 8

a cyclic side chain

hydrophobic.

looks like letter P

Question 9

Serine

Answer 9

Contains a hydroxyl group

polar and hydrophilic.

simplest alcohol

Question 10

Tyrosine

Answer 10

aromatic, borderline hydrophobic.

tire-oh

Question 11

Cysteine

Answer 11

Forms disulphide bridges

hydrophobic and just barely nonpolar.

SH

Question 12

Asparagine & Glutamine

Answer 12

Both are amides with partially charged and polar properties but Glutamine has an extra carbon

Question 12

Acids

Answer 12

Acids are proton donors that have a negative carboxylate at physiological or mid-pH ranges.

Question 13

Aspartic Acid

Answer 13

derived from asparagine

swapping NH2 for a carboxylic acid

Its abbreviation is D.

Question 14

Glutamic Acid

Answer 14

Glutamic acid is derived from glutamine

carboxylic acid group instead of NH2.

Its abbreviation is E.

Question 14

Basic Amino Acids

Answer 14

Basic amino acids have basic nitrogens that can accept protons, resulting in positive charges at mid-pH ranges.

Question 15

Lysine

Answer 15

Lysine is a basic amino acid

with four carbons and a basic nitrogen.

Its abbreviation is K.

Question 16

Arginine

Answer 16

Arginine is a basic amino acid

R groups look like a pirate ship anchor, 3 carbons for the rope

Its abbreviation is R.

positive change in Nitrogen with more bonds

Question 17

Histidine

Answer 17

Histidine is a basic amino acid

with a 5-membered ring containing a basic nitrogen

Its abbreviation is H.

Histidine for house