Lecture 11 Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanisms of Action

Question 1

What are enzymes?

Answer 1

Enzymes are biological molecules, typically proteins

Question 2

what is the job of enzymes?

Answer 2

speed up chemical reactions in cells

Question 2

What are the main functions of enzymes in the body?

Answer 2

Enzymes aid in digestion and metabolism

Question 3

what do enzymes serve as?

Answer 3

They serve as catalysts in biochemical processes.

Question 4

how do enzymes aid in digestion and metabolism?

Answer 4

breaking down macromolecules into smaller, absorbable units.

Question 5

What are some industrial applications of enzymes?

Answer 5

Enzymes are used in producing biofuels, detergents, and textiles, and can create a faded effect in denim by cleaning carbon-carbon bonds.

Question 6

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 6

region of enzyme that allows the substrate to bind which converts enzyme into product.

Question 7

what are the different types of enzyme specificity?

Answer 7

monospecific or polyspecific

Question 8

what does monospecific mean?

Answer 8

enzymes binding to one substrate

Question 9

what does polyspecific mean?

Answer 9

enzyme binding to multiple substrates

Question 10

What is enzyme kinetics?

Answer 10

the study of enzyme-catalyzed reaction rates provides insight into enzyme action and binding affinity.

Question 11

What is the Michaelis-Menten model?

Answer 11

A model describing the relationship between enzyme activity and substrate concentration, helping to understand enzyme kinetics.

Question 12

What does the Michaelis constant (Km) represent regarding binding affinity?

Answer 12

a measure of the binding affinity of an enzyme for its substrate.

Question 13

What are the mechanisms of enzyme regulation?

Answer 13

allosteric regulation

covalent modification

Question 14

what is allosteric regulation?

Answer 14

binding to a non-active site

Question 15

What are zymogens?

Answer 15

inactive enzyme precursors that require proteolytic cleavage to become active.

Question 16

what is a covalent modification?

Answer 16

attachment/removal of chemical groups

Question 17

What is the relationship between Km and binding affinity?

Answer 17

A lower Km indicates a higher binding affinity between the enzyme and its substrate.

Question 18

What is the effect of enzymes on activation energy?

Answer 18

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction, increasing the rate of the reaction.

Question 19

what type of enzyme is proteolytic cleavage done on?

Answer 19

often used in digestive enzymes.

Question 20

What is proteolytic cleavage?

Answer 20

A process that activates enzymes by removing part of the protein structure

Question 21

What does the initial rate of reaction (v₀) measure?

Answer 21

the rate at which the reaction occurs as soon as the substrate binds to the enzyme.

Question 22

What does the Beer-Lambert Law state?

Answer 22

The law states that the absorbance of light by a solution is directly proportional to its concentration.

Question 23

What does the Michaelis-Menten equation represent?

Answer 23

It mathematically describes enzyme kinetics, showing how reaction rate (v₀) depends on substrate concentration ([S])

Question 24

what does Vmax represent?

Answer 24

the maximum rate of reaction

Question 25

what does Km represent in terms of reaction rate?

Answer 25

the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half of Vmax.

Question 26

How does the initial rate of reaction change with varying substrate concentrations?

Answer 26

The initial rate increases with substrate concentration until it reaches a maximum velocity (Vmax).