Lecture 1 Biochemistry is the Basis to Everything

Question 1

What subunits are proteins made of, what type of bond are they linked by, and what do they form?

Answer 1

Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Form polypeptides

Question 1

What bonds hold polysaccharides together?

Answer 1

Glycosidic bonds

Question 1

What are the main types of biochemical molecules? PLSNSIW

Answer 1

Proteins
Lipids
Sugars
Nucleic acids
Small molecules
Ions
Water

Question 2

What bonds hold DNA together?

Answer 2

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 2

What are the two types of bonds found in proteins?

Answer 2

Covalent bonds

Non-covalent bonds

Question 3

What are important topics regarding structure in biochemistry? (3)

Answer 3

Crucial for protein, sugar, and lipid function

Genetic mutations can alter structure and function

All processes involve molecular binding interactions

Question 4

What roles do proteins play in cells?ETHSRSM (7)

Answer 4

Enzymes
Transporters
Hormones
Signaling molecules
Receptors
Structural proteins
Motility proteins

Question 5

What is the role of covalent bonds in proteins?

Answer 5

Hold amino acids together

Question 6

What types of non-covalent interactions exist? (4)

Answer 6

Ionic/Electrostatic
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrophobic interactions
Van der Waals forces

Question 7

What is the role of non-covalent bonds in proteins?

Answer 7

Allow proteins to fold into their final structure

Question 8

How many hydrogen bonds can water form, what does it help do to molecules, how does water affect proteins? (3)

Answer 8

Forms up to 4 hydrogen bonds

Solubilizes molecules

Drives hydrophobic effect and protein folding

Question 9

What happens when the hydrophobic effect occurs? (3)

Answer 9

Non-polar molecules aggregate in water, excluding water molecules

Drives macromolecular structure formation

Increases entropy of water