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PROD131 > Solid Systems > Flashcards

Solid Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Solid dosage forms

A

earliest and largest form of administering drugs

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2
Q

Solid dosage forms

A

Important system. tablets, gelatine capsules, granules, powders, release pellets.

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3
Q

Earliest oral solid dosage form

A

1500 BCE, 4000 BCE medical preparations (ancient greece)

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4
Q

Bulk solids

A

handled without count in large volume (incalculable)

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5
Q

Troubling behaviour of bulk solids

A

move awkwardly, affect and are affected by surroundings, change in behaviour (pattern and time), hypersensitive

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6
Q

Awkward moving behaviour of bulk solids

A

poor/excess flow, tacky/sticky, pack/bridge, form piles, bounce/roll

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7
Q

Surroundings effect on bulk solids

A

abrasive/corrosive/toxic/explosive, high heat capacity, dusty, adhesive. friable (crumble), degradable, contaminable, absorb, wall friction, sensitive to pressure

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8
Q

Change in behaviour of bulk solids

A

hygroscopic, electrostatic, segregate, fluidisation, shear thinning, asymmetry. compacting, permeate, phase separate, salt bridging, settle

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9
Q

Hypersensitivity of bulk solids

A

particle size and distribution, surface texture/chemistry, shape

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10
Q

Flow properties of bulk solids

A

Powders don’t flow well so are hard to transport

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11
Q

Angle of repose

A

steepest angle of descent relative to horizontal plane that material can be piled without slumping.

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12
Q

Angle of repose and flow properties

A

angle decreases, flowability increases
angle < 25 flow = excellent
angle > 40 flow = poor

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13
Q

Granulated

A

grained mixture.

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14
Q

Granules

A

finely powdered particles

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15
Q

Granulation

A

physical process making small particles into agglomerates.

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16
Q

Reasons for granulation

A

improve flowability, dosage control, reduce segregation, easy transport, better wetting and physical properties

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17
Q

Granule products

A

fertilizer, coffee, milk powder, dog food

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18
Q

Granulation steps

A

actives mixed with excipients, liquid binder added, drying

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19
Q

How do granules form

A

adhesion and cohesion, liquid bridge, solid bridge, van der waals, form bonds

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20
Q

Principle mechanisms of granulation

A

layering, crushing and layering, coalescence, abrasion transfer

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21
Q

Layering granulation

A

powder mix forms surface layer to increase granule size

22
Q

Crushing and layering granulation

A

granules break into fragments that adhere to other granules

23
Q

Coalescence granulation

A

two or more granules join to form larger granule

24
Q

Abrasion transfer

A

material abraded adheres to other granules

25
Q

Wet granulation

A

liquid binder is sprayed onto particles moving around and the liquid then solid bridge forms into blackberry structure (agglomerate)

26
Q

Dry granulation

A

Used when API is temperature or moisture sensitive. Slugging or roller compaction

27
Q

Slugging

A

compressing machine turns powder into tablets which are crushed into granules

28
Q

Roller compaction

A

rolling machine agitates powder into long (lasagne) sheets which are then crushed into granules

29
Q

Fluidisation

A

high shear and air flow turns solid powder into liquid

30
Q

Pharmaceutical tablets

A

convenient and inexpensive processing, excipients and API’s mixed together higher shear and pressed together (punch and die).

31
Q

Effervescent

A

Fizz/bubbles produced from acid/base(carbonate) reaction

32
Q

Tableting punch and die

A

upper punch and lower punch 1 compression each, have specific shapes for tablets

33
Q

Compression pressure of tablets

A

Compression force/punch tip area
p = F/A

34
Q

Porosity of tablet

A

1 - density of tablet/particle density
ε = 1 - ρ(c)/ρ(p)

35
Q

Porosity means

A

measure of empty space within material (pores in the compressed powder)

36
Q

Excipients in tablets

A

antiadherents (stearates), binders (starch/glucose), disintegrants (starch/alginates), antioxidants, fillers, colours, flavours, glidens

37
Q

Types of tablets

A

plain (active + excipient, cheap), coated, multi actives, matrix tablets (swelling and non-swelling), chewable, effervescent

38
Q

Non-swelling matrix tablets

A

API is released slower through permeable matrix.

39
Q

Swelling matrix tablets

A

Polymer matrix, water contact makes it swell and drug is released through pores (sponge)

40
Q

Tablet coating benefits

A

mask taste/odour, protect, easy swallowing, prevent irritation, easy handling, packaging speed, identification

41
Q

Types of coatings

A

sugar, film

42
Q

Sugar coating

A

cheap, safe, can colour, tasteful but time consuming and unhealthy

43
Q

Film coating

A

polymer film around tablet, easy

44
Q

Coating pan

A

spray coating into metal pan and while it is turning hot air is blown to coat and dry

45
Q

Quality control tests

A

content of API, uniformity, disintegration time, hardness, friability, dissolution

46
Q

Organ specific tablet

A

drug delivery systems specifically target release in organs/tissue

47
Q

Capsule

A

encapsulating powder, granules, pellets, liquids and semi-fluids.

48
Q

Hard shell capsules

A

contain dry powdered ingredients, made out of gelatin, made in two halves (smaller and bigger).

49
Q

Soft-shell capsules

A

used for oils and for active ingredients dissolved or suspended in oil

50
Q

Gelatine

A

hydrolysed collagen, structural protein in extracellular matrix in connective tissue (abundant in mammals - marrow)

51
Q

Capsule quality control

A

permeability and sealing, weight variation, uniformity, disintegration, dissolution

PROD131 (12 decks)

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