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PROD131 > Ingredients in Formulated Products > Flashcards

Ingredients in Formulated Products Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of ingredient type and quantity

A

formulation purpose, consumer needs, functionality, safety/compliance, stability, supply/cost, environment impact, dosage/concentration

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2
Q

Types of finished formulations

A

pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and beverage, household, industrial, agricultural

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3
Q

Ingredient selection considerations

A

chem info, reactivity, blending, stability/shelf-life, safety, sources, environment, quality, packaging, labelling, trends, guidelines, product brief

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4
Q

Dosage forms

A

Oral, rectal, topical, parenteral, respiratory, nasal, eye, ear

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5
Q

Oral dosage

A

solutions, syrups, suspensions, emulsions, gels, powders, granules, capsules, tablets

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6
Q

Rectal dosage

A

suppositories, ointments, creams, powders, solutions

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7
Q

Topical dosage

A

ointment, cream, paste, lotion, gel, solutions, topical aerosols, foams, transdermal patches

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8
Q

Parenteral dosage

A

Avoiding digestive tract. injections, implants, irrigation, dialysis solutions

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9
Q

Respiratory dosage

A

Aerosols, inhalations, sprays, gases

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10
Q

Nasal dosage

A

solutions, inhalations

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11
Q

Eye dosage

A

solutions, ointments, creams

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12
Q

Ear dosage

A

solutions, suspensions, ointments, creams

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13
Q

Forms of finished formulations

A

Solid, liquid, semi-solid, aerosols and more

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14
Q

Active pharmaceutical ingredient

A

API. substance intended to furnish pharmacological activity or have direct effect in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention or to restore, correct or modify physiological functions in humans

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15
Q

Excipient

A

other than active ingredient that’s been appropriately evaluated for safety and intentionally used in drug delivery

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16
Q

FPP

A

finished pharmaceutical product

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17
Q

Impurity or contaminant

A

Not known in the formulation

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18
Q

Resources for API and excipients

A

Pubchem, DrugBank, DailyMed, Merck Index Online, Pharmacopia

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19
Q

Pharmacopoeia

A

official book of standards for drugs prepared by any country. Specifies standards of identity, purity and strength. collection of monographs

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20
Q

Monograph

A

Book on a specialised topic.

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21
Q

Importance of pharmacopoeia - quality standards

A

standardisation, safety, efficacy, global reference, legal, R&D

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22
Q

Broad classification of pharmaceutical API’s

A

based on: therapeutic use, chemical structure, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, physical state, route of administration, origin

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23
Q

Therapeutic use API

A

analgesics, antibiotics, antipyretics, antihypertensives, antidiabetics

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24
Q

Chemical structure API

A

small molecules and large molecules

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25
Q

Mechanism of action API

A

enzyme inhibitors, receptor modulators, ion channel blockers, DNA/RNA interacting agents

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26
Q

Physical state API

A

solid, liquid and gas

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27
Q

Route of administration API

A

oral, injectible, topical, inhalable

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28
Q

Origin API

A

synthetic, biological/biotechnological, natural

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29
Q

Characteristics of pharmaceutical API’s

A

potency (dosage), purity, stability (temp, light and humidity effects), solubility + bioavailability (absorption to bloodstream), mechanism of action

30
Q

Roles of excipients

A

aid in processing, enhance stability, identify product, effective drug delivery, maintain drug integrity

31
Q

Hygroscopic

A

Absorbs moisture from the air

32
Q

Excipient characteristics

A

stable and reproducible, no unwished interaction with drug, pharmacologically inert, desired functionality, cost effective

33
Q

Excipient examples

A

fillers/diluents, binders, lubricants, glidants, solvents, disintegrants, colorants, flavour modifiers

34
Q

Fillers/diluents

A

increase bulk, flowability, compression. lactose, sucrose, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose

35
Q

Binders

A

promote cohesiveness. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, starch, gelatin, cellulose derivatives

36
Q

Lubricants

A

reduce friction. Magnesium stearate, stearic acid, polyethylene glycol, sodium chloride

37
Q

Glidants

A

improve flowability. Fine silica, talc, magnesium stearate

38
Q

Solvents

A

dissolve or suspend API. Water, ethanol, propylene glycol.

39
Q

Disintegrants

A

increase deformation and dissolution. Starch, sodium starch glycolate, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

40
Q

Colorants and flavour modifiers

A

iron oxide, natural pigments.
mannitol, aspartame

41
Q

Pharmaceutical key terms

A

Therapeutic, API, Excipient, FPP, pharmacopoeia, dosage forms

42
Q

Agricultural key terms

A

crop quality and consistency, EPA, active ingredients, formulation types, MPI

43
Q

Food key terms

A

Food Standards ANZ, Numeric Food Additives list, additives, MPI

44
Q

Personal care key terms

A

functionality, aesthetics, skin/hair/body care, INCI, EPA, MPI

45
Q

Excipient selection considerations

A

(API property): dose, particle size, flow properties, bulk density, moisture content, hygroscopicity, excipient compatibility, compactability

46
Q

Cosmetic vs therapeutic

A

cosmetics: no treating, don’t affect structure or physiology, no API

47
Q

Cosmetic ingredient classification

A

function, chemical nature, origin, usage, safety and regulatory status

48
Q

Chemical nature of cosmetic ingredients

A

organic and inorganic compounds

49
Q

Origin of cosmetic ingredients

A

natural, NDM (derived from nature), NDS (derived from nature with synthetics processing), NI (nature identical), S (synthetic)

50
Q

Usage of cosmetic ingredients

A

skin care, hair care, makeup, body care

51
Q

Safety and regulatory of cosmetic ingredients

A

approved, restricted or prohibited

52
Q

Sub-classifications of cosmetic ingredients

A

claims, aesthetic modifiers, functionalities, structural, supportive, extras

53
Q

Examples of cosmetic ingredients

A

emollients, humectants, occlusives, surfactants, preservatives, viscosity modifiers, fragrances, colorants, antioxidants, UV filters, emulsifiers, pH adjusters, solvents, film formers, chelating agents.

54
Q

INCI names

A

international nomenclature cosmetic ingredient are systematic names internationally recognised to identify cosmetic ingredients. Dictionary and handbook

55
Q

Agricultural formulation types

A

Dry sprayable, liquid sprayable, dry spreadable

56
Q

Agriculture in NZ

A

pastoral, forestry, horticulture, arable, aquaculture, bee keeping

57
Q

EPA

A

Environmental Protection Authority, governing agricultural regulatory system. All products in NZ need EPA number

58
Q

Ministry of primary industries

A

MPI, regulatory system in nz

59
Q

Dry sprayable formulations

A

wettable powders, water dispersible granule

60
Q

Liquid sprayable formulations

A

soluble concentrate, suspension concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, microemulsion, oil dispersion, microencapsulated particles

61
Q

Dry spreadable granule

A

soil applied granule on inert or fertiliser carrier

62
Q

Ag active ingredients

A

solubility profile and physical form

63
Q

Food ingredients

A

any substance added to a food to achieve desired effect. improve taste or appearance and quality or stability

64
Q

Food regulatories

A

Food Standards ANZ, Numeric Food Additives list

65
Q

Food additives

A

derived from fruits, vegetables, natural sources

66
Q

Types of food additives

A

antioxidants, sweeteners, flavourings, colours, preservatives, enzymes, vitamins & minerals, emulsifiers, bulking agents, pH control, hydrocolloids, antifoams, raising agents, gases, chelating agents

67
Q

Antioxidant food examples

A

ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, butylated hydroxyanisole, lecithin

68
Q

Emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners, gelling agent food examples

A

tannic acid, lecithin, potassium citrate, calcium citrate, propylene glycol alginate, agar, guar gum

69
Q

Acidity regulator food examples

A

acetic acid, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, metatartaric acid, calcium tartrate, potassium adipate

70
Q

Food colour examples

A

turmeric, riboflavin, brown HT, carotene, annatto extracts

PROD131 (12 decks)

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