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PROD131 > Ingredients in Formulated Products > Flashcards

Ingredients in Formulated Products Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of ingredient type and quantity

A

formulation purpose, consumer needs, functionality, safety/compliance, stability, supply/cost, environment impact, dosage/concentration

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2
Q

Types of finished formulations

A

pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and beverage, household, industrial, agricultural

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3
Q

Ingredient selection considerations

A

chem info, reactivity, blending, stability/shelf-life, safety, sources, environment, quality, packaging, labelling, trends, guidelines, product brief

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4
Q

Dosage forms

A

Oral, rectal, topical, parenteral, respiratory, nasal, eye, ear

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5
Q

Oral dosage

A

solutions, syrups, suspensions, emulsions, gels, powders, granules, capsules, tablets

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6
Q

Rectal dosage

A

suppositories, ointments, creams, powders, solutions

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7
Q

Topical dosage

A

ointment, cream, paste, lotion, gel, solutions, topical aerosols, foams, transdermal patches

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8
Q

Parenteral dosage

A

Avoiding digestive tract. injections, implants, irrigation, dialysis solutions

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9
Q

Respiratory dosage

A

Aerosols, inhalations, sprays, gases

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10
Q

Nasal dosage

A

solutions, inhalations

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11
Q

Eye dosage

A

solutions, ointments, creams

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12
Q

Ear dosage

A

solutions, suspensions, ointments, creams

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13
Q

Forms of finished formulations

A

Solid, liquid, semi-solid, aerosols and more

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14
Q

Active pharmaceutical ingredient

A

API. substance intended to furnish pharmacological activity or have direct effect in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention or to restore, correct or modify physiological functions in humans

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15
Q

Excipient

A

other than active ingredient that’s been appropriately evaluated for safety and intentionally used in drug delivery

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16
Q

FPP

A

finished pharmaceutical product

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17
Q

Impurity or contaminant

A

Not known in the formulation

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18
Q

Resources for API and excipients

A

Pubchem, DrugBank, DailyMed, Merck Index Online, Pharmacopia

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19
Q

Pharmacopoeia

A

official book of standards for drugs prepared by any country. Specifies standards of identity, purity and strength. collection of monographs

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20
Q

Monograph

A

Book on a specialised topic.

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21
Q

Importance of pharmacopoeia - quality standards

A

standardisation, safety, efficacy, global reference, legal, R&D

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22
Q

Broad classification of pharmaceutical API’s

A

based on: therapeutic use, chemical structure, pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, physical state, route of administration, origin

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23
Q

Therapeutic use API

A

analgesics, antibiotics, antipyretics, antihypertensives, antidiabetics

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24
Q

Chemical structure API

A

small molecules and large molecules

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25
Mechanism of action API
enzyme inhibitors, receptor modulators, ion channel blockers, DNA/RNA interacting agents
26
Physical state API
solid, liquid and gas
27
Route of administration API
oral, injectible, topical, inhalable
28
Origin API
synthetic, biological/biotechnological, natural
29
Characteristics of pharmaceutical API's
potency (dosage), purity, stability (temp, light and humidity effects), solubility + bioavailability (absorption to bloodstream), mechanism of action
30
Roles of excipients
aid in processing, enhance stability, identify product, effective drug delivery, maintain drug integrity
31
Hygroscopic
Absorbs moisture from the air
32
Excipient characteristics
stable and reproducible, no unwished interaction with drug, pharmacologically inert, desired functionality, cost effective
33
Excipient examples
fillers/diluents, binders, lubricants, glidants, solvents, disintegrants, colorants, flavour modifiers
34
Fillers/diluents
increase bulk, flowability, compression. lactose, sucrose, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose
35
Binders
promote cohesiveness. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, starch, gelatin, cellulose derivatives
36
Lubricants
reduce friction. Magnesium stearate, stearic acid, polyethylene glycol, sodium chloride
37
Glidants
improve flowability. Fine silica, talc, magnesium stearate
38
Solvents
dissolve or suspend API. Water, ethanol, propylene glycol.
39
Disintegrants
increase deformation and dissolution. Starch, sodium starch glycolate, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
40
Colorants and flavour modifiers
iron oxide, natural pigments. mannitol, aspartame
41
Pharmaceutical key terms
Therapeutic, API, Excipient, FPP, pharmacopoeia, dosage forms
42
Agricultural key terms
crop quality and consistency, EPA, active ingredients, formulation types, MPI
43
Food key terms
Food Standards ANZ, Numeric Food Additives list, additives, MPI
44
Personal care key terms
functionality, aesthetics, skin/hair/body care, INCI, EPA, MPI
45
Excipient selection considerations
(API property): dose, particle size, flow properties, bulk density, moisture content, hygroscopicity, excipient compatibility, compactability
46
Cosmetic vs therapeutic
cosmetics: no treating, don't affect structure or physiology, no API
47
Cosmetic ingredient classification
function, chemical nature, origin, usage, safety and regulatory status
48
Chemical nature of cosmetic ingredients
organic and inorganic compounds
49
Origin of cosmetic ingredients
natural, NDM (derived from nature), NDS (derived from nature with synthetics processing), NI (nature identical), S (synthetic)
50
Usage of cosmetic ingredients
skin care, hair care, makeup, body care
51
Safety and regulatory of cosmetic ingredients
approved, restricted or prohibited
52
Sub-classifications of cosmetic ingredients
claims, aesthetic modifiers, functionalities, structural, supportive, extras
53
Examples of cosmetic ingredients
emollients, humectants, occlusives, surfactants, preservatives, viscosity modifiers, fragrances, colorants, antioxidants, UV filters, emulsifiers, pH adjusters, solvents, film formers, chelating agents.
54
INCI names
international nomenclature cosmetic ingredient are systematic names internationally recognised to identify cosmetic ingredients. Dictionary and handbook
55
Agricultural formulation types
Dry sprayable, liquid sprayable, dry spreadable
56
Agriculture in NZ
pastoral, forestry, horticulture, arable, aquaculture, bee keeping
57
EPA
Environmental Protection Authority, governing agricultural regulatory system. All products in NZ need EPA number
58
Ministry of primary industries
MPI, regulatory system in nz
59
Dry sprayable formulations
wettable powders, water dispersible granule
60
Liquid sprayable formulations
soluble concentrate, suspension concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, microemulsion, oil dispersion, microencapsulated particles
61
Dry spreadable granule
soil applied granule on inert or fertiliser carrier
62
Ag active ingredients
solubility profile and physical form
63
Food ingredients
any substance added to a food to achieve desired effect. improve taste or appearance and quality or stability
64
Food regulatories
Food Standards ANZ, Numeric Food Additives list
65
Food additives
derived from fruits, vegetables, natural sources
66
Types of food additives
antioxidants, sweeteners, flavourings, colours, preservatives, enzymes, vitamins & minerals, emulsifiers, bulking agents, pH control, hydrocolloids, antifoams, raising agents, gases, chelating agents
67
Antioxidant food examples
ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, butylated hydroxyanisole, lecithin
68
Emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners, gelling agent food examples
tannic acid, lecithin, potassium citrate, calcium citrate, propylene glycol alginate, agar, guar gum
69
Acidity regulator food examples
acetic acid, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, metatartaric acid, calcium tartrate, potassium adipate
70
Food colour examples
turmeric, riboflavin, brown HT, carotene, annatto extracts

PROD131 (12 decks)

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