Biological Systems for Formulations Flashcards

1
Q

Biological interface

A

boundary or interaction point between two biological (or non) systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aspects of biological interface

A

interaction with bio tissues, biocompatibility and safety, targeted delivery, plant-based formulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Biomimicry

A

materials created inspired by design in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Human GI tract

A

open ended epithelium-lined tube from mouth to anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Main steps of digestion

A

ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, enzyme digestion, absorption, defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Layers of the GI tract

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mucosa

A

inner most layer, directly contact with digestive system. 3 sub layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 sub layers of mucosa

A

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epithelium

A

innermost sublayer, responsible for absorbing nutrients and secreting mucus, enzymes and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lamina propria

A

blood vessels and connective tissue support the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Muscularis mucosae

A

thin layer of smooth muscle help to move and fold mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Submucosa

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscularis externa

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Serosa

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

proteins essential for breaking down macromolecules into smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Enzyme classes

A

carbohydrases, protease, lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bollus

A

food when leaving esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chyme

A

food when leaving the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Small intestine

A

villi and microvilli absorb nutrients into bloodstream and lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stomach

A

mechanical and chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sublingual delivery

A

under the tongue

22
Q

Buccal delivery

A

through the lining of the cheek

23
Q

Factors to consider with sublingual/buccal delivery

A

both avoid first pass metabolism. consider permeability, blood flow and time.

24
Q

Formulation considerations with sublingual/buccal delivery

25
Human skin basic layers
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis/subcutis
26
Human skin system
integumentary
27
Skin function
retention of moisture and prevention of permeation, regulation body temp, protect from microbes, sensation
28
Epidermis
outer layer. stratified epithelium tissue - 5 layers. No blood vessels. gets nutrients through diffusion through dermis
29
Epidermis layers
stratum corneum (SC), stratum lucidum (lucid), stratum granulosum (granules), stratum spinosum (spine), stratum basale (base)
30
Cells in epidermis
keratinocytes, melanocytes (melanin), langerhan cells (immunity), merkel cells (touch)
31
Epidermal barrier structure
Brick (corneocytes) and mortar (lipids). penetration happens through lipids.
32
Cornification
33
Keratinisation
movement of keratinocytes up through epidermis to form rigid layer of keratin, microfilaments and microtubules
34
Desquamation
process of getting rid of dead skin cell layers from SC - 28 days
35
Corneocytes
tightly packed water resistant dead cells linked by junctions. contain natural moisturising factor (NMF)
36
Mortar
lipid material called intercellular lamellar lipids
37
Epidermal barrier functions
38
Oxidative stress on skin
leads to damage contributing to aging, inflammation and disease. Skin has defense mechanisms to reduce this
39
Skin defense mechanism against oxidative stress
antioxidant enzymes and molecules, melanin, physical, repair mechanisms, detoxification
40
Main types of human skin
oily, dry, combination, normal, aging, sensitive
41
Oily skin
larger pores, shininess, sebum, acne prone
42
Dry skin
fine pores, matte, wrinkles (premature aging), compromised moisture barrier
43
Interaction of cosmetics on skin
absorption, penetration, skin barrier integrity, tolerance, sensitivity, moisture, hydration, surface effects, long-term benefits
44
Hair follicles
skin appendage. protect from sun, decrease friction, regulate body temp, sensory organ
45
Hair mechanism
arrector pili muscle contracts and expands to make the hair stand (eg goosebumps).
46
Hair structure
shaft (outside), root: cuticle, cortex, medulla. bulb at the root, papilla supplies blood
47
Penetration pathways through skin
transepidermal (first), transappendageal (second)
48
Transepidermal
large surface area of SC, drug penetrates in/between cells
49
Transappendageal
delivery through hair follicles or sweat glands necessary for polar or ionisable or large macromolecules, small absorption area
50
Transdermal delivery of molecules
drugs need specific solubility in water and oil and smaller size.
51
Transdermal patches
single or multi layer drug in adhesive. control release of drug that sticks to skin