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PROD131 > Biological Systems for Formulations > Flashcards

Biological Systems for Formulations Flashcards

1
Q

Biological interface

A

boundary or interaction point between two biological (or non) systems

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2
Q

Aspects of biological interface

A

interaction with bio tissues, biocompatibility and safety, targeted delivery, plant-based formulations

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3
Q

Biomimicry

A

materials created inspired by design in nature

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4
Q

Human GI tract

A

open ended epithelium-lined tube from mouth to anus

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5
Q

Main steps of digestion

A

ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, enzyme digestion, absorption, defecation

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6
Q

Layers of the GI tract

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

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7
Q

Mucosa

A

inner most layer, directly contact with digestive system. 3 sub layers

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8
Q

3 sub layers of mucosa

A

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

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9
Q

Epithelium

A

innermost sublayer, responsible for absorbing nutrients and secreting mucus, enzymes and hormones

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10
Q

Lamina propria

A

blood vessels and connective tissue support the epithelium

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11
Q

Muscularis mucosae

A

thin layer of smooth muscle help to move and fold mucosa

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12
Q

Submucosa

A
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13
Q

Muscularis externa

A
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14
Q

Serosa

A
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15
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

proteins essential for breaking down macromolecules into smaller

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16
Q

Enzyme classes

A

carbohydrases, protease, lipase

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17
Q

Bollus

A

food when leaving esophagus

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18
Q

Chyme

A

food when leaving the stomach

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19
Q

Small intestine

A

villi and microvilli absorb nutrients into bloodstream and lymphatic system

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20
Q

Stomach

A

mechanical and chemical digestion

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21
Q

sublingual delivery

A

under the tongue

22
Q

Buccal delivery

A

through the lining of the cheek

23
Q

Factors to consider with sublingual/buccal delivery

A

both avoid first pass metabolism. consider permeability, blood flow and time.

24
Q

Formulation considerations with sublingual/buccal delivery

25
Q

Human skin basic layers

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis/subcutis

26
Q

Human skin system

A

integumentary

27
Q

Skin function

A

retention of moisture and prevention of permeation, regulation body temp, protect from microbes, sensation

28
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer. stratified epithelium tissue - 5 layers. No blood vessels. gets nutrients through diffusion through dermis

29
Q

Epidermis layers

A

stratum corneum (SC), stratum lucidum (lucid), stratum granulosum (granules), stratum spinosum (spine), stratum basale (base)

30
Q

Cells in epidermis

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes (melanin), langerhan cells (immunity), merkel cells (touch)

31
Q

Epidermal barrier structure

A

Brick (corneocytes) and mortar (lipids). penetration happens through lipids.

32
Q

Cornification

33
Q

Keratinisation

A

movement of keratinocytes up through epidermis to form rigid layer of keratin, microfilaments and microtubules

34
Q

Desquamation

A

process of getting rid of dead skin cell layers from SC - 28 days

35
Q

Corneocytes

A

tightly packed water resistant dead cells linked by junctions. contain natural moisturising factor (NMF)

36
Q

Mortar

A

lipid material called
intercellular lamellar lipids

37
Q

Epidermal barrier functions

38
Q

Oxidative stress on skin

A

leads to damage contributing to aging, inflammation and disease. Skin has defense mechanisms to reduce this

39
Q

Skin defense mechanism against oxidative stress

A

antioxidant enzymes and molecules, melanin, physical, repair mechanisms, detoxification

40
Q

Main types of human skin

A

oily, dry, combination, normal, aging, sensitive

41
Q

Oily skin

A

larger pores, shininess, sebum, acne prone

42
Q

Dry skin

A

fine pores, matte, wrinkles (premature aging), compromised moisture barrier

43
Q

Interaction of cosmetics on skin

A

absorption, penetration, skin barrier integrity, tolerance, sensitivity, moisture, hydration, surface effects, long-term benefits

44
Q

Hair follicles

A

skin appendage. protect from sun, decrease friction, regulate body temp, sensory organ

45
Q

Hair mechanism

A

arrector pili muscle contracts and expands to make the hair stand (eg goosebumps).

46
Q

Hair structure

A

shaft (outside), root: cuticle, cortex, medulla. bulb at the root, papilla supplies blood

47
Q

Penetration pathways through skin

A

transepidermal (first), transappendageal (second)

48
Q

Transepidermal

A

large surface area of SC, drug penetrates in/between cells

49
Q

Transappendageal

A

delivery through hair follicles or sweat glands necessary for polar or ionisable or large macromolecules, small absorption area

50
Q

Transdermal delivery of molecules

A

drugs need specific solubility in water and oil and smaller size.

51
Q

Transdermal patches

A

single or multi layer drug in adhesive. control release of drug that sticks to skin

PROD131 (12 decks)

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