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Science > SOL science prep 8th grade > Flashcards

SOL science prep 8th grade Flashcards

1
Q

the total amount of matter in an object

A

mass

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2
Q

can occur at surface of liquid without heating (eventually a cup of water will evaporate if left unattended

A

Evaporation

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3
Q

change from solid to gas

A

Sublimation

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4
Q

matter that is composed of one type of atom

A

element

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5
Q

READ IT ALL
model which shows electrons traveling in specific energy levels around a nucleus, electrons closest to nucleus have low energy, electrons farther away have high energy

A

Electronic Cloud

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6
Q

an atom of an element that has a different number of Neutrons

A

Isotopes

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7
Q

uses the element symbol and dots to repersent outer energy level electrons

A

Electron Dot Diagram

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8
Q

Where are metals on the periodic table?

A

left side

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9
Q

malleable and ductile

A

metals

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10
Q

what does malleable mean?

A

can be hammered into sheets (think: malleable=mallet)

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11
Q

what does ductile mean?

A

drawn/made into wires

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12
Q

do metals or metalloids or non-metals have few electrons on the outer level (valence electrons)

A

metals

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13
Q

all but mercury are solid at room temperature

A

metals

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14
Q

where are non-metals on the periodic table?

A

right side

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15
Q

more than half are gasses at room temperature
not meteable
not ductile

A

non-metals

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16
Q

where are metalloids on the periodic table?

A

found along or touching the staircase

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17
Q

have properties of both metals and non-metals
have about a half complete set of valence electrons

A

metalloids

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18
Q

as elements go from left to right they get less reactive
1-7 of them
go from left to right
follow a repeating pattern

A

rows (periods)

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19
Q

similar chemical and physical properties
1-18
ones is same section have same number of valence electrons

A

columns (groups)

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20
Q

what groups are highly reactive

A

1, 2, 17

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21
Q

what group is Alkali Metals

A

1

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22
Q

what group is Alkaline Earth Metals

A

2

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23
Q

what group is the Halogens

A

17

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24
Q

what group is the Noble Gasses and are unreactive because outer energy level is full

A

18

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25
Q

what groups are transition metals. often occur in nature uncombined

A

3-12

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26
Q

substance made of the combined atoms of 2 or more elements

A

compound

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27
Q

two or more atoms combine to form a new substance that has new properties (physical or chemical) than the original elements

A

Chemical Bonding

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28
Q

tells what elements a compound contains and the number of atoms

A

Chemical Formula

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29
Q

when 2 or more Ions conbine to form neutrally charged compound

A

Ionic Bonding

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30
Q

the need to have a full outer ring or energy level

A

octet rule

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31
Q

an atom that has gained or lost electrons to have a full outer ring (now will be happy

A

Ion

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32
Q

charge an atom gets after gaining or losing electrons

A

Oxidation

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33
Q

when 2 or more atoms share valence electrons
electrons are shared
occurs between 2 nonmetals
nonmetals do not give up electrons

A

Covalent Bonding

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34
Q

substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

A

Acid

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35
Q

what are the four properties of acids?

A

taste sour
are electrolytes (can conduct electricity)
corrosive
indicators to produce a predictable color change (red)

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36
Q

substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH) in solution also accepts H+ from acids

A

base

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37
Q

what are the 5 properties of bases?

A

in undissolved states, many are crystalline solid (feels slippery)
bitter taste
strong bases are corrosive
react with indicators (blue)

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38
Q

compound formed when negative ions of an acid combine with positive ions from a base

A

salt

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39
Q

0-2
ionizes almost completely in water

A

strong acid

40
Q

3-6
only partly ionized in solution

A

weak acid

41
Q

12-14
dissociates completely in solution

A

strong base

42
Q

8-11
does not completely dissociate

A

weak base

43
Q

measure of concentration of H+ ions in a solution or how acidic or basic it is
typically ranges from 0-14

A

pH

44
Q

mixture in which 2 or more substances look the same

A

Homogenous

45
Q

energy an object has due to its motion or position

A

Mechanical energy

46
Q

energy from waves

A

Light/Radiant energy

47
Q
A

refraction

48
Q
A

diffraction

49
Q
A

reflection

50
Q
A

interference

51
Q

a repeating movement or disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space

A

wave

52
Q

matter through which a wave travels

A

medium

53
Q

waves that can only travel through medium

A

Mechanical Waves

54
Q

a measure of energy in a wave, the more energy a wave carries, the greater amplitude

A

amplitude

55
Q

the angle of incidence of a wave is always equal to the angle of reflection

A

law of reflection

56
Q

occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces of it, all types of waves can be this

A

reflection

57
Q

bending of wave caused by a change in its speed as it moves from one medium to another

A

refraction

58
Q

an object causes a wave to change direction and bend toward it

A

diffraction

59
Q

when two or more waves overlap and combine to form a new wave

A

interference

60
Q

waves subtract

A

Destructive

61
Q

waves add

A

Constructive

62
Q

1?

A

rarefaction

63
Q

2?

A

compression

64
Q

3?

A

wavelength

65
Q

1?

A

Rest Position

66
Q

2?

A

Amplitude

67
Q

3?

A

Crest

68
Q

4?

A

Wavelength

69
Q

5?

A

trough

70
Q

made by vibrating electric charges and can travel through space

A

electromagnetic waves

71
Q

low frequency waves with wavelength of about 1-10 cm

A

Radio Waves

72
Q

have slightly higher frequency than radio waves

A

Infared waves

73
Q

range of electromagnetic waves you can detect with your eyes

A

Visible Light

74
Q

frequencies slightly higher than visible light

A

Untraviolet waves

75
Q

ultra, high frequencies that can travel through matter, domage cells

A

X rays & Gamma Rays

76
Q

transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter

A

Conduction

76
Q

transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by movement of warmer and cooler fluid from place to place

A

Convection

76
Q

transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

A

Radiation

76
Q

a potential difference between 2 places causing electrons to flow

A

voltage

77
Q

what is the unit of energy

A

Joules (J)

77
Q

the ability to cause change

A

energy

77
Q

a path in which electrons from a voltage or current source flow

A

Circuit

77
Q

what is newton’s first law?

A

an object in motion stays in motion or an object at rest stays at rest until an unbalanced net force acts upon it

78
Q

tendecy of an object to resist any change in its motion
more of this more mass

A

Inertia

79
Q

what is newton’s second law of motion?

A

a net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the force

80
Q

what is newtons third law of motion?

A

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

81
Q

does acceleration change direction?

A

yes

82
Q

the ratio of the output force to the input force

A

Mechanical advantage

83
Q

measure of how much work put into a machine is changed into useful output work by the machine

A

efficiency

84
Q

fulcrum between the input force and output force

A

1st class lever

85
Q

output force is between fulcrum and input force

A

2nd class lever

86
Q

input force is between fulcrum and output force

A

3rd class lever

87
Q

pulley attached to something that doesn’t move

A

fixed pulley

88
Q

pulley, one end of the rope is fixed and the wheel is free to move

A

moveable pulleys

89
Q

system of pulleys consisting of fixed and moveable pulley

A

block and tackle

90
Q

occurs when a force causes an object to more in the same direction as the force

A

work

91
Q

what are the two questions you ask to know if something is work

A

Does the object move?
Is the direction of motion the same as the direction of force applied?

Science (12 decks)

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