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Science > SOL science prep 7th grade unit 4 > Flashcards

SOL science prep 7th grade unit 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell grow, does everyday functions, make more DNA phase

A

Interphase

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2
Q

Cell Division Phase

A

M phase

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3
Q

Cutting cells into individual cells

A

Cytokinesis

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4
Q

sex cells only
going from one cell to four genetically different cells
starting with 46 chromosomes to 23 chromocomes

A

Meiosis

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5
Q

what are the phases of meiosis in order?

A

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
(PMAT)

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6
Q

what phase is this?

A

Prophase II

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7
Q

what phase is this?

A

Meta phase II

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8
Q

what phase is this?

A

Anaphase II

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9
Q

what phase is this?

A

Telophase II and cytokinesis

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10
Q

what phase is this?

A

Prophase I

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11
Q

what phase is this?

A

Metaphase I

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12
Q

what phase is this?

A

Anaphase I

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13
Q

what phase is this?

A

Telophase I and cytokinesis

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14
Q

happens in prophase I
two chromosomes mix DNA

A

crossing over

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15
Q

happens in Metaphase II
chromosomes line up in middle however they want (randomly)

A

independent assortment

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16
Q

what does Meiosis make?

A

sperm and egg/’ Gametes

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17
Q

how many chromosomes do sperm and egg have?

A

23

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18
Q

what has to happen before Meiosis?

A

Interphase

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19
Q

what does homologous Chromosomes mean?

A

same size, same genes

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20
Q

body cells
46 chromosomes to 46 chromosomes
one division
same DNA
2 final cells

A

Mitosis

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21
Q

sex cells
46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes
two divisions
genetically different cells
four final cells
crossing over
independent assortment

A

Meiosis

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22
Q

a phtotmicrograph of chromosomes arranged according to a standard classification

A

Karyotype

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23
Q

how are chromosomes numbered in karyotypes?

A

according to size

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24
Q

XX

A

female

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25
Q

XY

A

male

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26
Q

mistake when chromosomes are separating
too many or too few

A

nondisjunction

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27
Q

in a DNA base pair for doubleed helix what letters are paired together?

A

A and T
G and C

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28
Q

taking one body cell and turning it into two body that are exactly the same

A

Mitosis

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29
Q

DNA condenses and becomes chromosomes
nucleus disappears
spindle fibers appear

A

prophase

30
Q

chromosomes line up in the middle
spindle fibers attach to the middle of chromosomes
ready for departure

A

metaphase

31
Q

chromosomes break and get pulled away by the spindle fibers
equal amount of DNA move to either side of cell

A

Anaphase

32
Q

equal chromosomes/DNA on each side the cell splits into two
Nucleus reforms in each cell
the “cutting” phase
pinching off

A

Telophase/cytokinesis

33
Q

put these in order
cytokinesis, interphase, mitosis

A

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

34
Q

what is the animal equation for cellular resperation

A

Glucose + Oxygen (arrow) Carbon dioxide + water + energy

35
Q

where does cellular resperation take place?

A

Mitochondria

36
Q

cells don’t have enough cellular resperation so they still go through cellular resperation but instead of producing water and carbon dioxide it produces lactic
what called?

A

anaerobic resperation

37
Q

where does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplast

38
Q

green pigment in the chloroplast that reacts with the sun

A

Chlorophyll

39
Q

what is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water (arrow) glucose + oxygen

40
Q

parts that make up cells and allow the cell to stay alive and function

A

organelle

41
Q

what are the three cell theorys?

A

all living things have cells
cells are the basic unit of life
all cells come from preexisting cells

42
Q

allows some molecules in and keeps others out

A

semi-permeable (cell membrane)

43
Q

what is the cell membrane made of?

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

44
Q

which end of the Phospholipid Bilayer loves water and which one hates it?

A

Head= loves water
Tail= hates it

45
Q

Passive Transport

A

No energy
High to low concentration

46
Q

Active Transport

A

Energy required
low to high concentration
against deffusion

47
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Passive deffusion with help of protein

48
Q

Diffusion of water across a cell membrane from high to low concentration

A

Osmosis

49
Q

The home of DNA
brain of cell
all instructions come from here

A

Nucleus

50
Q

Who discovered DNA?

A

James Watson & Francis Crick (they actually stole this from Rosalind Franklin but sense history is sexist this is what you need to know for the test)

51
Q

who came up with base pairs?

A

Chargaff

52
Q

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

A

diffusion

53
Q

what is allowed in and out easy in the cell membrane?

A

oxygen
carbon dioxide
water

54
Q

solute

A

what gets dissolved

55
Q

solvent

A

what does the dissolving

56
Q

what is the universal solvent?

A

water

57
Q

solution

A

mixtuer of colvent and solute

58
Q

diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane (cell membrane)

A

osmosis

59
Q

there is more solute on the inside of the cell, water moves into cell causing the cell to burst

A

Hypotonic

60
Q

More solute on the outside of the cell than inside, water moves to the outside of the cell causing cell to dry out

A

Hypertonic

61
Q

equal anounts of water on inside and outside
homeostasis
water still moves in and out equaly

A

Isotonic

62
Q

educated guess to what is going to happen or what might be the answer to a problem

A

Hypothesis

63
Q

something that has been proven time and time again

A

Law

64
Q

Well tested hypothesis, gives an explanation to things occurring in the natural world

A

Theory

65
Q

membrane bound organelles
larger in size mitosis
larger ribosomes

A

Eukaryotic

66
Q

no membrane bound organelles
smaller in size
binary fission
smaller ribosomes

A

prokaryotic

67
Q

1665
observed cells in cork
coined the term “cells”

A

Robert Hooke

68
Q

1673
Observed pond water
created a powerful microscope

A

Antom van Leewenhoek

69
Q

1827-33
noticed that pollen gains in watrrer jiggled around
discovered nucleus

A

Robert Brown

70
Q

1838
a botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells

A

Matthias Schleiden

71
Q

1839
a zoologist who concluded that all animals are made up of cells

A

Theodor Schann

72
Q

1855
a physicaian who did research on cancer cells and concluded: “Ominis cellula e cellula”
“all cells are from other pre-existing cells”

A

Rudolf Virchow

Science (12 decks)

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