SOL science prep 6th grade weather unit Flashcards
solar energy can be _____, ________, or ________.
reflected, absorbed, scattered
_______ is a way to keep track of energy transfers in or out of the Earth’s system.
Earth’s Energy budget
The sun generates energy through the process of ________ ________.
nuclear fusion
Nuclear Fusion occurs when two types of ______ atoms combine to make a heavier _____ atom and an extra ____.
hydrogen, helium, neutron
The suns energy travels to earth on ____ waves.
Electromagnetic
Heat is circulated through fluids such as air or water
convection
soup heating in a pot (convection, conduction, or radiation)
convection
heat that moves through an object. (needs to touch)
conduction
a frying pan on the burner (convection, conduction, or radiation)
conduction
heat that is moved or transferred between two objects that are not touching.
radiation
a hand near an iron to see if its hot (convection, conduction, or radiation)
radiation
heat is transferred from the _____ (warmer or colder) object to the ______ (warmer or colder) object
warmer, colder
air is lighter and will rise (warm or cold)
warm
air is heavy and will sink (warm or cold)
cold
during the ____, heat rises over the hot landmass and falls over the cooler ocean.
day
what causes ocean currents?
convection currents (heat rising and cool air falling)
during the _______, heat rises over the warmer ocean and falls over the cooled landmass
night
______ ____ flow within the mantle which causes the tectonic plates to move.
convection
_______ ________ flow within the ocean and cause the ocean’s currents.
convection currents
______ ________ flow in the atmosphere when hot air rises and cool air falls. This forms wind.
convection currents
where can you find convection currents?
Earth’s Mantle
Earth’s Oceans
Earth’s Atmosphere (wind)
long term
average temperatures
climate
short term
humidity, clouds, storms
weather
measures the amount of rain
rain gauge
measures the temperature
thermometer
measures air pressure
barometer
measures wind speed
anemometer
measures wind direction
wind vane
measures humidity (moisture in the air)
hygrometer
what are the components of making a cloud?
heat (usally the sun)
water/water vapor
dust particles
cool air
how is a cloud formed?
water evaporates into water vapor
the water vapor rises
water vapor condenses onto dust
lots of droplets come together to form a cloud
which type of cloud indicates change in weather?
cirrus
cirrus
which type of cloud indicates fair weather?
cumulus
cumulus
which cloud is a sign of rain or snow?
stratus
which clouds form fog?
stratus
stratus
which clouds have rain or snow falling from them?
nimbus
nimbus
what percent of air is nitrogen?
78%
what percent of air is oxygen?
21%
what percent of air is carbon dioxide?
less than 1%
layer closest to earth
eat, sleep, and play here
most air pollution
weather and clouds
has 99% of water vapor and 75% of gas
troposphere
absorbs harmful rays from the sun
many jets fly in this layer
ozone layer
stratosphere
protects Earth’s surface from meterorids
coldest layer
shooting star (meteors)
mesosphere
satellite orbit
auroras occur
thickest
air is thin
warmest
thermosphere
atmosphere merges with space
exosphere
name the layers of the atmosphere in order from closest to furthest away from earth.
troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
Thermosphere
exosphere
( test scores make teachers exited)
clockwise winds
low humidity
cool, dry air
air sinks in center
no clouds
clear, sunny
high pressure
counterclockwise winds
high humidity
warm, moist air
air rises in center
clouds
precipitation
low pressure
air pressure moves from _ to______
high, low
high pressure
low pressure
cold fount
cumulonimbus clouds
heavy precipitation
after there are clear skies and cool temperature
cold front
warm front
stratus clouds
slow steady precipitation
after it passes increase in temperature & high humidity
warm front
stationary front
stratus clouds
many days of rain
stationary front
occluded front
where air masses meet but do not mix
front
how does a cold front form?
fast cold air meets slow warm air
how does a warm front form?
fast warm air meets slow cold air
how does a occluded front form?
warm air meets cold air and is pushed up and out of way
how is a stationary front formed?
cold air meets warm air and neither move
polar maritime
temperature: cold
humidity: high (wet)
polar continental
temperature: cold
humidity: low (dry)
tropical maritime
temperature: hot
humidity: high (wet)
tropical continental
temperature: hot
humidity: low (dry)
winds greater than 35 mph
at least 3 hours long
visibility less than 1/4 mile
winter
snow
blizzard
south & Midwest
summer months
lasts months to years
low rainfall
drought
winds 74 mph or more
warm
heavy rain
lasts up to 2 weeks
forms near equator
hurricane
spring or summer
occurs anywhere
couple of mins to hours
heavy rain
thunder & lightning
thunderstorm
winds up to 250 mph
few feet to 2 miles wide
lasts seconds to over hour
rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped
south: march-may
north: summer
tornado
