SOL science prep 6th grade water unit Flashcards
does the amount of water in the Earth ever change?
no
______ is the most common substance on Earth.
Water
_____% of all water is in the oceans (saltwater)
97%
_____% of all water is in the frozen icecaps (freshwater).
2%
_____% of all water is located in rivers, lakes, soil, ground and atmosphere (freshwater).
1%
What is the only substance on Earth that exists naturally in solid, liquid, and gas form?
water
Water freezes at ____ degrees Fahrenheit and ____ degrees Celsius.
32, 0
Water boils at _____degrees Fahrenheit and _____degrees Celsius.
212, 200
Gas to solid
deposition (removing heat)
gas to liquid
condensation (removing heat)
liquid to solid
freezing (removing heat)
solid to gas
sublimation (add heat)
solid to liquid
melting (add heat)
liquid to gas
evaporation (add heat)
what state of mater does not change shape or volume?
solid
what state of mater has molecules that are tightly packed?
solid
what state of mater has molecules that move very slowly?
solid
what state of mater does not change volume, but does change shape?
liquid
what state of mater has molecules that are loosely packed?
liquid
what state of mater has molecules that move at a moderate pace?
liquid
what state of mater changes shape and volume?
gas
what state of mater has molecules that move freely and quickly?
gas
when a phase change takes place what 3 things increase of decrease?
thermal energy
molecular
temperature
the process by which water moves through the Earth and atmosphere?
the Water Cycle
falls in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail
precipitation
water running over the surface, due to gravity
runoff
water evaporating off the surface of plants
transpiration
this phase change word is what forms clouds
condensation
this amount of water on Earth remains the same
static
water that flows back into the ocean
runoff
water molecules are attracted to (stick to) other water molecules.
Cohesion
the top layer of water molecules are extra cohesive and create a skin-like surface.
Surface Tension
Water can stick to other molecules.
Adhesion
the land and the water that flows across the land to a common place- Drainage Basin
watershed
found at the highest elevations in a watershed
headwaters
main river in the watershed
main stem
smaller streams that flow into larger streams
tributaries
higher ground that separates watersheds
divide
area that is susceptible to flooding - usually low-lying
flood plain
horseshoe shaped body of water that has detached from a meandering river
Oxbow Lake
Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake
Delta
an area where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean
Estuary
what watershed do we live in?
Chesapeake bay
what are the 5 main watersheds in Virginia?
Chesapeake bay
Atlantic Ocean
North Carolina Sounds
Mississippi River
The gulf of Mexico
non-living
Abiotic
the living community and the non-living factors that affect it
Ecosystem
living or once living
Biotic
area of low land that is soaked with water for at least part of the year (where dry land meets water)
wetland
trees & shrubs
Swamps
mosses
Bogs
grassy areas
Marshes
Importantce of wetlands
- Hapitats
- Nutrients (food)
- Natural Water Filters
- Control Floods
- Increase Groundwater Levels
comes from multiple locations so you can´t trace it back to the original source
Non-point source
erosion
Non-point source
washing car
Non-point source
oil/fluid leaks
Non-point source
pesticides
Non-point source
fertilizer
Non-point source
animal waste
Non-point source
litter/trash
Non-point source
you can point to where the pollution is coming from
Point source
factory
Point source
leaking septic tank
Point source
broken sewage pipe
Point source
what are some properties of water that scientists monitor in watersheds?
water temperature
dissolved oxygen
turbidity
pH
nitrates addict
phosphates
salinity
macro-invertebrates
snake-like bends in a river
Meander
