Soil & Water Resources Development and Conservation, Irrigation, Drainage and Allied Subjects (HIGH PRIO) Flashcards
The recent monsoon rains have posted a nearly uniform rainfall intensity of 30 mm/hr over a 1,500-hectare watershed area in Central Luzon. If the runoff coefficient is 0.15, what is the runoff in m3/sec?
a. 18.75
c. 1.87
b. 187.5
d. 1.875
a. 18.75
Q = CiA
Q = (30 mm/hr)(1500 ha)(10000 m2/ha)(1 hr/3600s)(1m/1000mm)
Ratio of the dry weight of soil particles to the weight of an equal volume of water
a. Particle Density
b. Bulk Density
c. Real specific Density
d. Apparent specific density
c. Real specific Density
A television network is planning to air four 30-minute sitcoms namely: “Mana-Mana”, “Okidoki”, “Tanging Ama” and “Home Along da Sea”. In how many ways can the network arrange these sitcoms in a 7-9 pm time slot if “Mana-Mana” should be aired third?
a. 1
b.2
c.6
d.24
c.6
3! = 6
An artesian well has a diameter of 10 cm. Under steady state condition, what is the expected discharge (lps) if the drawdown is 2.5 m and the radius of influence is 120 m? The aquifer’s hydraulic conductivity and thickness are 75 m/day and 4 m, respectively.
a. 7.01 lps
b. 8.01 lps
c. 9.01 lps
d. 10.01 lps
a. 7.01 lps
Q = 2pikt(deltah)//ln(re/rw)
Q = 2pi(75 m/day)(4 m)(2.5 m)/ln(120m/0.05m)
convert m3/day to lps
For rolling areas and non-uniform distribution of gages, distance factor fixed by location of gages is used for analysis using this method.
a.Inverse Distance Ratio Method
b.Grid-Point Method
c.Isohyetal
d.Thiessen polygon
a.Inverse Distance Ratio Method
What is the soil erosion of 10 T/ha/yr in mm/yr?Assume that the soil bulk density is 1.2 T/m3.
a. 0.083 mm/yr c.0.83 mm/yr
b. 8.33 mm/yr d.80.33 mm/yr
c.0.83 mm/yr
Soil erosion = (10T/ha/yr)/(1.2 T/m3)
convert units
Which among the elements is a major element for plant nutrition?
a. Boron
b. Chlorine
c. Nitrogen
d. Silicon
c. Nitrogen
The process of converting water and carbon dioxide into sugar using chlorophyll and light energy accompanied by the production of oxygen by green plants:
a. respiration
b. oxidation
c. transpiration
d. photosynthesis
d. photosynthesis
An irrigation engineer, in his study, was able to establish that the irrigation requirement of crop XYZ is 6.5 mm/day. If the rootzone depth was estimated at 2 in. On the average, what should be the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver the 5-day requirement of a 10 ha farm in 24 hours?
a. 31.62 lps
b. 47.62 lps
c. 57.62 lps
d. 37.62 lps
Q = (6.5 mm/day)(5 days)(10 ha)(10000 m2)/(24 hours)
Q = convert L/h to lps
Total water yield from a storm for a given watershed
a. Surface runoff
b. Subsurface runoff
c. Groundwater runoff
d. Runoff volume
a. Surface runoff
The gross application depth is 93mm to irrigate a crop with a crop coefficient of 0.9. The reference crop evapotranspiration is 6mm/day. If the application efficiency is 70%, the irrigation interval is.
a. 10days b.11days c.12days d.13days
c.12days
II = (dnet)/ETc
dnet = dgross x Ea
ETc = ETo x Kc
II = (93 mm x 0.7)/(6 mm/day x 0.9)
II = 12 days
This resembles terracing in that the drainage ditches are constructed around the slope on a uniform grade according to the land topography.
a. Random ditch system
b. Double-main system
c. Interception or cross-slope system
d. Diversion or parallel ditch system
c. Interception or cross-slope system
It is the soil moisture allowable depletion of most crops.
a. 50%
b. 20%
c. 80%
d. 100%
a. 50%
Given the following data:
Evapotranspiration = 5 mm/day,
Percolation = 2mm/day,
Rainfall for November = 200 mm,
Effective rainfall for Nov. = 50%,
Soil Porosity = 60%,
Apparent Specific Gravity = 1.4,
Residual Soil Moisture = 15%,
Rootzone depth = 200mm,
Application efficiency = 75%,
Conveyance efficiency = 80%,
Ave. fraction of area covered = 0.5,
Dependable flow = 4.5 m/sec,
Duration of land soaking = 5 days
16. What is the net land soaking requirement?
a. 78 mm/day c. 15.6 mm/day
b. 7.8 mm/day d. 0.65 mm/day
c. 15.6 mm/day
LSR = (n-(AsxRMC))(DRZ)
LSR = (0.6 - (1.4 x 0.15))(200 mm)
LSR = 78 mm
NetLSR = 78 mm/5 days = 15.6 mm/day
Wherein the surface is rarely wet since the water is supplied from the soil underneath
a. Sprinkler irrigation
b. Sub-irrigation
c. Drip or trickle irrigation
d. Contour-ditch irrigation
b. Sub-irrigation
An internal condition of a seed or bud that prevents its prompt germinating or sprouting under normal growth conditions:
a. dormancy
b. diffusion
c. germination
d. dominant
a. dormancy
The process of moisture lost of plants through the leaves:
a. germination
b. transpiration
c. oxidation
d. flowering
b. transpiration
A natural body composed of a variable mixture of broken and weathered minerals and decaying organic matter and when containing the proper amount of air and water, supplies sustenance and gives mechanical support of plants:
a. fertilizer
b. soil
c. humus
d. mineral
b. soil
A concrete lined canal is to convey water over a distance of 250 m from the well to a tomato farm. Drop in elevation is 0.5 m over the 250 m canal length and roughness coefficient, n, is 0.018. Estimate the bottom width of a rectangular canal with a depth of flowing water of 0.25 m if the hydraulic radius is equal to the area of flow.
a. b = 0.5 m
b. b = 50 m
c. b = 0.25 m
d. b = 25 m
The velocity of water in the canal is
a. 0.62 m/sec
b. 6.2 m/sec
c. 62 m/sec
d. 0.062 m/sec
a. b = 0.5 m
a. 0.62 m/sec
b=2d (most efficient)
A=bd
Then use Manning’s equation to find the velocity.
It involves controlled flooding from field ditches along the contour of the land, which allows the water to flood down the slope between field ditches without employing dikes or other means that guide or restrict its movement.
a.Sprinkler irrigation
b.Sub-irrigation
c.Level-border or basin irrigation
d.Contour-ditch irrigation
d.Contour-ditch irrigation system
The volume of the soil sample during sampling was 85 cc and weight after drying in the area was 130g. The volume weight of the soil is
a. 1.5 g/cc
b. 1.75 g/cc
c. 1/25 g/cc
d. nota
a. 1.5 g/cc
The percentage of moisture by weight of a soil sample of 85 cc with a dry weight of 130 if the weight of the sample before drying was 145 g.
a.12.5% b.10.5% c.9.5% d.11.5%
d.11.5%
MCm = 145-130/130 x 100 = 11.5%
Similar to that of tertiary canals, the main systems (main and secondary canals) also incur losses termed as conveyance losses. Seepage and percolation losses and evaporation along the conveyance canals comprise the conveyance losses.
a. Diversion Water Requirement (DWR)
b. Farm Water Requirement (FWR)
c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR)
d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR)
a. Diversion Water Requirement (DWR)
The common name for Capra hircus:
a. sheep b. pig c. mule d. goat
d. goat
The discharge of first emitter in a dropper line is 12 lph. What is the allowable minimum discharge in the last emitter?
a.9.6 lph b.10.8 lph c.10.6 lph d.9.8 lph
Q2 = Q1(0.8)
a.9.6 lph
The common name for Anser domesticus:
a. chicken
b. goose
c. duck
d. turkey
b. goose
The ability of the stream to provide water determines the extent of the total service area of a national irrigation system
a. Secondary canal
b. Main canal
c. Canal
d. Canal capacity
d. Canal capacity
Includes evaporation and transpiration, lumped together as evapotranspiration.
a. Irrigation water requirement (IWR)
b. Consumptive
c. Non-consumtive
d. Crop water requirement (CWR)
b. Consumptive
What is the depth of flowing water in a trapezoidal canal with a side slope of 1:1 and base of 1.0 m if the stream velocity is 1 mps and the average discharge is 6 cms.
a. 1.0 m
b. 2.0 m
c. 3.0 m
d. 4.0 m
b. 2.0 m
Q = VA
A = bd + zd^2
The ratio of the weight of water to the dry weight of the soil
a. Soil Texture
b. Soil Structure
c. Porosity
d. dry weight basis
d. dry weight basis
The soil has a field capacity and permanent wilting point of 27% and 13%, respectively. What is the readily available moisture in cm of water per cm of soil if the bulk density is 1.25 g/cc?
a. 10.25 cm/m
b. 17.5 cm/m
c. 13.12 cm/m
d. 14.0 cm/m
RAM = 0.75AM
AM = FC - PWP
RAM = (0.75)(0.27 - 0.13)(1.25)(100 cm/m)
RAM = 13.125 cm/m
Advanced stage of rill erosion. Rills when neglected develop in size and become gullies.
a. Slip erosions
b. Wind erosions
c. Stream bank erosion
d. Gully erosion
d. Gully erosion
What discharge can be expected from an unconfined well 200 mm in diameter if the drawdown is 5 m in an aquifer saturated to a depth of 18 m? Assume the permeability and the radius of influence to be 20 m/day and 150 m, respectively.
a.14.3 lps b. 13.8 lps
c.15.4 lps d. 12.6 lps
c.15.4 lps
Q=[(pi)(20m/day)(18^2 - 13^2)/ln(150 m/0.1 m)
convert to lps
Used for flood forecasting and water quality studies; watershed response time
a. Surface time
b. Time to peak
c. Recession time
d. Peak recession time
b. Time to peak
The hydraulic radius of a pipe with a diameter of 12 mm.
a. 3 mm b. 12 mm c. 6 mm d. 4 mm
a. 3 mm
R = A/P
A = pi(d)^2/4
P = pi(d)
This is suitable on flat, poorly drained soils that have numerous shallow depresssions.
a. Random ditch system
b. Double-main system
c. Interception or cross-slope system
d. Diversion or parallel ditch system
d. Diversion or parallel ditch system
Water is supplied to level plots surrounded by dikes or levees. This method is particularly useful on fine-textured soils with low permeability, it is necessary to hold the water on the surface to secure adequate penetration.
a. Sprinkler irrigation
b. Sub-irrigation
c. Level-border or basin irrigation
d. Contour-ditch irrigation
c. Level-border or basin irrigation
The most efficient trapezoidal cross section.
a. width of the bottom= twice the depth
b. depth = twice the bottom width
c. width of the bottom = 4x the depth
d. width of the top=2x the sum of sides
The most efficient trapezoidal cross section, from a hydraulic standpoint (i.e., the shape that provides maximum discharge for a given cross-sectional area and slope), has the following relationship:
a. width of the bottom = twice the depth
Removal of water from the road area by the use of culverts, ditches, channels and other several structures
a. Crushed Gravel
b. Roadway Embankment
c. Course
d. Drainage
d. Drainage
The fraction of the irrigation water that must be leached through the root zone to control soil salinity at specified level.
a. Leaching Requirement (LR)
b. Farm Water Requirement (FWR)
c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR)
d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR)
a. Leaching Requirement (LR)
Water horsepower divided by pump efficiency, in decimal.
a. Stochastic process
b. Water horsepower
c. Brake horsepower
d. Barrow process
c. Brake horsepower
This involves the averaging arithmetically all the rainfall depths measured by the rain gages within the area
a. Inverse Distance Ratio Method
b. Grid-Point Method
c. Thiessen polygon
d. Arithmetic mean
d. Arithmetic mean
Given an irrigation depth of 30 cm and 10 hrs of irrigation time. Determine the discharge to irrigate a hectare of land.
a.100 m3/hr b. 10 m3/hr c.300 m3/hr d. 50 m3/hr
c.300 m3/hr
Any open or close ground or surface for the passage of water.
a. Water way
b. Seepage
c. Percolation
d. Watershed
a. Water way
An undisturbed soil sample 100 cc was gathered from a field 2 days after heavy rains when the soil moisture was expected to be at field capacity. The weight of the fresh sample was 176 g but was reduced to 142 g after oven drying. A second soil sample with a fresh weight and oven dried weight of 130 g and 116 g, respectively, was gathered 3 weeks later when the crop was observed to have a permanently wilted.
-Determine the bulk density in g/cc.
a.42 b.1.42 c.1.76 d.17.6
-Determine the apparent specific gravity.
a.1.42 b.1.42 c.1.76 d.17.7
-Determine the field capacity (dry basis).
a.19.32% b. 1.93% c. 23.94% d. 2.39%
-Determine the wilting point (dry basis).
a.1.2% b. 12% c. 10.77% d. 1.08%
b. 1.42 (142g/100cc)
b. 1.42 (1.42g/cc)/(1g/cc)
c. 23.94% ((176-142)/142)
b. 12% ((130-116)/116)
Combination of sheet and splash erosion
a. Interrill erosion
b. Rill erosion
c. Gully erosion
d. Stream channel erosion
a. Interrill erosion
A crop has a depth of 0.6 m. F.C. and W.P. are 16% and 8%, respectively. Bulk density is 1.25 g/cc. The desired allowable soil moisture deficit is 60% of the allowable moisture and the average is 6 mm/day.
-The depth of water to be stored in the rootzone per irrigation is:
a. 3.6 m b.0.036 m c.36 mm d. 36 cm
-The irrigation interval is:
a. 6 days b.5 days c.7 days d.8 days
b. 0.036 m or c. 36 mm
dnet = (FC - PWP)(AMD)(DRZ)(As)
dnet = (0.16-0.08)(0.6)(1.25)(0.6m)
a. 6 days
II = dnet/ETc
II = 36 mm/(6 mm/day)
Caused by high velocity winds moving over barren land surfaces.
a. Slip erosions
b. Wind erosions
c. Coastal erosions
d. Stream bank erosion
b. Wind erosions
Soil productivity is the ability of the soil
a. to produce the desired amount of plant yield
b. supply nutrients in sufficient and balanced amounts
c. store and resist leaching nutrients
d. all of the above
a. to produce the desired amount of plant yield
The percent N, P2O5 and K2O in a fertilizer
a. fertilizer grade
b. fertilizer ratio
c. fertilizer recommendation
d. none of the above
a. fertilizer grade
Which is not a single-element or straight fertilizer?
a. Urea
b. Muriate of Potash
c. Ammonium phosphate
d. Ammonium sulfate
c. Ammonium phosphate
Given bed slope=0.0003; Manning’s coefficient, n=0.03; b/d ratio=3.5; wetted perimeter, p=14; z=0.5. The velocity of flow along a trapezoidal canal is:
a. 8.9 m/s b. 0.89 m/s c. 89 m/s d. 0.089 m/s
b. 0.89 m/s
Get d or b using the Perimeter then solve R = A/P. Then use Manning’s equation.
Primarily caused by raindrop
a. Slip erosions
b. Wind erosions
c. Coastal erosions
d. Splash/Raindrop erosion
d. Splash/Raindrop erosion
The thickness of a confined aquifer is 5 m, well diameter=40 cm, radius of influence=250 m, k=10 m/day, height of water in the pumping well=1,325 m, height of piezometric surface=1,500 m. The steady state discharge is:
a. 0.89 m3/sec
b. 0.089 m3/sec
c. 0.089 lps
d. 0.89 lps
b. 0.089 m3/sec
Q = [2pikt(h1-h2)]/ln(re/rw)
Q = [2pi(10m/day)(5m)(1500m-1325m)]/ln(250m/0.2m)
convert to lps
Surface runoff plus interflow
a. Base flow
b. Direct runoff
c. Groundwater runoff
d. Peak flow
b. Direct runoff
How many sprinklers with spacing of 7m x 7m are needed to irrigate a rectangular field of 150m x 200m if the laterals are set parallel to the larger side of the field:
a. 588 b. 609 c. 616 d. 638
a. 588
Total number of sprinklers = Nl x Ns
Nl = (150 m/7m) = 21 laterals
Ns = (200m/7m) = 28 sprinklers per lateral
TNOS = 21 x 28 =588 sprinklers
The soil type largely influences the width of bed to be used. The furrows drain to collection ditches.
a. Random ditch system
b. Double-main system
c. Bedding system
d. Natural system
c. Bedding system
The scientific name for pigeon:
a. Columbia livia
b. Anser domesticus
c. Gallus gallus
d. Numida meleagris
a. Columbia livia
If the theoretical flow of velocity in an orifice is 4 m/s, what is the height of water flowing above the center of the orifice?
a. 0.8m b. 8.0m c. 0.9m d. 9.0m
a. 0.8m
V = sqrt(2gH)
The needed for water to infiltrate into the soil, depending on the depth of water and the soil.
a. Infiltration rate
b. Infiltration
c. Infiltration efficiency
d. None of the above
a. Infiltration rate
Irrigation systems that have relatively large service areas and are managed by government agencies
a. Shallow Tubewell Irrigation Systems (STW)
b. On-Farm Irrigation Facilities
c. Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS)
d. National Irrigation Systems (NIS)
d. National Irrigation Systems (NIS)
Given an irrigation depth of 30 cm and 8 hrs of irrigation time. Determine the discharge needed to irrigate a hectare of land:
a. 375 m3/hr
b. 10 m3/hr
c. 30 m3/hr
d. 200 m3/hr
a. 375 m3/hr
The soil moisture content when plants permanently wilt. The soil moisture
tension at this point is about 15 atmospheres.
a. Computation of moisture content
b. Readily available moisture (RAM)
c. Available moisture (AM)
d. Permanent wilting point (or wilting coefficient)
d. Permanent wilting point (or wilting coefficient)
A flood flow of 560 m3/s was determined to have a 50% probability of occurrence. What is its return period?
a. 2 years c. 20 years
b. 5 years d. 50 years
a. 2 years
Probability = (1/Return Period) x 100
Type of flow wherein the depth of flow in a prismatic channel is constant at any point in the channel
a. laminar flow
b. uniform flow
c. steady flow
d. critical flow
b. uniform flow
Urea is one of the many form of commercial fertilizers with a typical grade of ______?
a. 14-14-14
b. d. 0-0-60
c. 45-0-0
d. 0-30-0
c. 45-0-0
The study of soil which puts more emphasis on the origin, characteristics, classification and description:
a. Pedology
b. Botany
c. Pathology
d. Agronomy
a. Pedology
The unit of heredity, variation, sex determination and related phenomena:
a. plasma
b. protein
c. gene
d. cell
c. gene
A farmer is to irrigate a crop planted in furrows of 100m x 100m area. His furrow spacing is 50 cm and the application depth is 100 mm. If the
inflow rate is 0.4 lps/100m, determine the time of irrigating each furrow:
a. 3.47 hrs b. 0.69 hrs c. 28.94 hrs d. 15 days
a. 3.47 hrs
Lands serviced by natural irrigation or irrigation facilities. These include land where water is not readily available as existing irrigation facilities need rehabilitation or upgrading or where irrigation water is not available year-round
a. Irrigators’ Association
b. Irrigation System
c. Irrigated Lands
d. Irrigable Lands
c. Irrigated Lands
This property of run-off is used for flood forecasting and water quality analysis. It is the time where the flood flow is highest.
a. Recession time
b. Time to lag
c. Run-off time
d. Time to peak
d. Time to peak
A rectangular lined canal will be used to irrigate 60 has. If a Francis weir of 0.4m crest will be used to control the flow, what would be the depth of water over the crest in order to supply 2 lps/ha?
a. 0.07m b. 0.30m c. 1.94m d. 4.47m
a. 0.07m
The ratio of water beneficially used on the project, farm or field to the amount of water delivered to the farm expressed in percent.
a. Consumptive use efficiency
b. Water storage efficiency
c. Water-use efficiency
d. Water application efficiency
c. Water-use efficiency
A type of terrace usually used for 9-24% slope characterized by breaking the slope at certain intervals by a ridge and a flat portion to trap runoff.
a. Bench terrace
b. Zingg terrace
c. Broad-based terrace
d. Manning’s terrace
b. Zingg terrace
The operating pressure of the sprinkler heads in a sprinkler irrigation system is 12.52 kg/cm2. What is the allowable pressure (kg/m2) variation between the first and the last sprinkler head in a lateral?
a. 2.504 b. 5.240 c. 25.04 d. 4.520
a. 2.504
The ratio of the void volume to the total soil volume (unitless)
a. Soil Texture
b. Soil Structure
c. Porosity
d. dry weight basis
c. Porosity
Ratio of the bulk density of the soil with the density of water; it is the ratio of the weight of soil to the weight of water with volume equal to the total soil volume
a. Bulk density
b. Particle density
c. Apparent specific gravity
d. Real specific gravity
c. Apparent specific gravity
A rectangular water tank, 2 meters high, is filled with water. Due to rust, a circular hole was made on lowest portion of one side of the tank. Considering that the tank is maintained full, what is the velocity of water right after its take-off from the hole?
a. 6.26 m/s
b. 39.22 m/s
c. 4.43 m/s
d. 19.63 m/s
a. 6.26 m/s
V = sqrt(2gH)
If the speed of an irrigation centrifugal pump is increased by 30%, the power requirement is increased by:
a. 2.197 b. 1.297 c. 2.917 d. 1.972
a. 2.197
P1(n2/n1)^3 = P2
P1(1.3/1)^3 = P2
Include seepage and percolation losses.
a. Irrigation water requirement (IWR)
b. Consumptive
c. Non-consumptive
d. Crop water requirement (CWR)
c. non-consumptive
A farm ditch has depth of flowing water of 60cm, bottom width=50 cm, side slope=1horizontal:1vertical, channel slope=0.02%.
1. The velocity of flow in m/sec is:
a. 0.143 b. 0.0134 c. 0.314 d. 0.431
2. The discharge in m3/sec is:
a. 0.027 b. 0.207 c. 0.702 d. 0.072
c) 0.314
b) 0.207
Use n = 0.02, however, based on PAES 603:2016 the roughness coefficient for common farm ditch is 0.03. Either way, the closest answer is letter c for velocity.
Determine the size of a pump to irrigate a 5-ha riceland. The water source is a stream with pumping head of 2 m.
Evaporation=8mm/day;
Percolation=2mm/day;
Irrigation interval=5 days
Irrigation period=10 hrs; Friction loss=0;
Pump efficiency=80%
Irrigation efficiency=80%.
a. 2.129 hp b. 2.85 hp c. 5 hp d. 1.5 hp
b. 2.85
Crop water requirement = 8mm/day + 2mm/day
Volume required = (10mm/day)(5 days)(50000 m2)/irrigation efficiency
Q = Volume required/irrigation period
P = QH/3960Eff = 2.85 hp
Governed by chance; time dependent
a.Stochastic process
b.Probabilistic process
c.Deterministic process
d.Barrow process
a.Stochastic process
a.Stochastic process - future outcome is not completely predictable, hence, governed by chance.
b.Probabilistic process - a more general term, stochastic is a type of probabilistic.
c.Deterministic process - future outcome is completely predicted/determined.
d.Barrow process - distractor. There is no widely recognized “Barrow process” in the fields of probability or systems governed by chance.
A farmer proposes to use sprinkler on a rectangular field 160m x 120m with lateral line parallel to the shorter side. The land is adjacent to the river from which he pumps water. He needs a maximum application depth of 60 mm every 10 days. The maximum intake rate of the soil is 8.5 mm/hr and the application efficiency is 80%. Sprinkler spacing is 9m x 9m. What is the desired discharge per sprinkler in lps?
a. 1.91 x 10-4 lps
b. 0.19125 lps
c. 0.6885 lps
d. 688.5 lps
b. 0.19125 lps
Q = intake rate (sprikler spacing)
Q = 8.5 mm/hr(9mx9m)(1hr/3600s) = 0.19125 lps
*meters x meters x millimeters = liters
Interval between corresponding points on successive terraces
a.Horizontal interval
b.Vertical Interval
c.Contour line
d.Contour topography
a.Horizontal interval
It is a variation of the furrow method and it uses small rills or corrugations for irrigating closely spaced crops, such as small grains and pastures.
a.Sprinkler irrigation
b.Sub-irrigation
c.Drip or trickle irrigation
d.Corrugation irrigation
d.Corrugation irrigation
A farmer proposes to use sprinkler on a rectangular field 160m x 120m with lateral line parallel to the shorter side. The land is adjacent to the river from which he pumps water. He needs a maximum application depth of 60 mm every 10 days. The maximum intake rate of the soil is 8.5 mm/hr and the application efficiency is 80%. Sprinkler spacing is 9m x 9m.
How many sprinklers are in a lateral?
a. 13 b. 18 c. 14 d. 17
How many number of lateral positions?
a. 13 b. 18 c. 14 d. 17
How many hours will it take him to apply the water requirement in one
lateral position?
a. 7.06 hrs b. 10 days c. 2 hrs d. 8.82 hrs
What is the required pump discharge in lps?
a. 45.53 b. 3.4 c. 2.55 d. 25.5
a) 13
d) 17
d) 8.82 hrs
dg=dnet/Ea, IP=dg/r
r = 8.5 mm/hr, dnet = 60 mm
a) 45.53
Qsys = Nl x Ns x qs
What should be the diameter of a pipe such that the two of them will be just sufficient to hold the water in an open canal 2m wide and 1m deep? Assume half square section canal and use a common slope of 0.0007 and Chezy’s
coefficient = 58.
a. 1.26 m b. 1.8 m c. 1.085 m d. 1 m
a. 1.26 m
2Qpipe = Qcanal
Measures the velocity of a floating object preferably in a straight section of a stream
a. Float method
b. Float type water stage recorder
c. Bubbler gage
d. Crest stage gage
a. Float method
The following depths of water penetration in meters were observed at 10m interval along a furrow irrigation system:0.65, 0.66, 0.68,0.72, 0.73, 0.77, 0.78, 0.80, 0.82, and 0.86. The uniformity coefficient is.
a. 92% b.79% c.96% d.86%
a. 92%
UC = 1 - y/d
y = average deviation from the mean depth
d = mean depth
Given the soil sampler with a diameter of 5.2 cm and length of 4.7 cm. What is the bulk volume of soil it could gather?
a.100 cc b. 95 cc c. 120 cc d. 24.4 cc
a.100 cc
A crop grown between orchard trees or on field between cropping season to protect the land from leaching and erosion:
a. cover crop
b. inter-tilled crop
c. cash crop
d. companion crop
a. cover crop
A crop which is planted in shortly before the first crop is to be harvested:
a. inter-tilled crop
b. cash crop
c. relay crop
d. companion crop
c. relay crop
The science or study of disease, its causes, and its controls:
a. Agrometeorology
b. Horticulture
c. Pathology
d. Botany
c. Pathology
An engineer is to design the mainline of a sprinkler system which will use a steel (Scobey’s coefficient K = 0.40) to carry a flow of 6.5 lps. The length of pipe is 150m and the inside diameter is 100 mm. Compute the head
loss of the system assuming a uniform flow.
a. 3.16 m b. 1.36 m c. 1.5 m d. 1.8 m
b. 1.36 m
Hf = k[(L)(Q)^1.9]/D^4.9 x (4.10 x 10^6)
L = meters
Q = lps
D = mm
A practical adaptation of reforestation whereby the species planted have economic value, such as mango, pili and so on.
a. Cropping systems
b. Strip cropping
c. Agroforestry
d. Reforestation
c. Agroforestry
What is the evapotranspiration of corn during its growing period if the crop coefficient is 2.5 and the reference crop evapotranspiration is 6 mm/day?
a. 2.44 mm/day b. 0.42 mm/day
c. 8.5 mm/day d. 15 mm/day
d. 15 mm/day
ETa = ETo x Kc
The composite parts of the irrigation system that divert water from natural bodies of water such as rivers, streams, and lakes
a. Headworks
b. Communal irrigation system
c. Secondary canal
d. Main canal
a. Headworks
The scientific name of strawberry:
a. Vitis vinifera
b. Sandorium koetjape
c. Cocos nucifera
d. Fragaria vesca
d. Fragaria vesca
The crop water requirement of an area grown to a certain crop refers to the amount of water used for the non-consumptive demands such as land soaking and land preparation, and for the consumptive demands such as evapotranspiration requirements of the crop during its entire growth period.
a. Diversion Water Requirement (DWR)
b. Farm Water Requirement (FWR)
c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR)
d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR)
d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR)
The soil has a field capacity of 30.8% volume basis and a permanent wilting point of 12% dry mass basis. The apparent specific gravity is 1.4. If the rootzone depth is 1.0m and the management allowable deficit is 50% the net application depth is.
a. 70mm b.60mm c.50mm d.40mm
a. 70mm
dnet=(FCv - PWPm x As)(DRZ)(AMD)
Delivery of 360 cfs to an 80-acre field is continued for 4 hrs. Tail water flow is estimated at 10 cfs. Soil probing after the irrigation indicates that 1 ft. of water was stored in the rootzone. Compute the application efficiency.
a.60% b. 62% c. 92% d. 67%
d. 67%
Application efficiency only considers the overall delivery. Hence, no need to subtract tail water flow.
Ea = 360 cfs/(Area x depth)/Irrigation period
The duration of irrigation application for a 1-ha cornfield for a given discharge of 100lps to obtain an average depth of application of 200mm assuming an application efficiency of 70% should be.
a. 8hrs b. 10hrs c. 12hrs d.14hrs
a. 8hrs
IP = (volume required)/discharge
How much water is needed in each irrigation if the moisture holding capacity of the soil is 1.5 in/ft and irrigation was started when 40% is depleted. The crop uses 0.25 in/day of moisture and has a root depth of 3 ft.
If there is no rain, how often will irrigation be required?
a. 4.8 in. every 6 days b. 1.8 in. every 7.2 days
c. 2.8 in. every 4 days d. 3.8 in. every 5 days
Moisture holding capacity is the same as available water.
dnet = (1.5in/12in)(0.4)(3ft x 12 in/ft) = 1.8 in
II = dnet/ETc
II = 1.8 in/0.25 in/day
II = 7.2 days
The name for seasonal winds (derived from Arabic mausim, a season)
a.trade winds
b.Monsoon winds
c.Valley winds
d.Mountain winds
b.Monsoon winds
The Philippine Agricultural Engineering law of 1998.
a. RA 8559
b. RA 8599
c. RA 8995
d. RA 8595
a. RA 8559
The Agriculture and Fisheries modernization act of 1998?
a. RA 8535
b. RA8435
c. RA8543
d. RA8453
b. RA8435
A notch of regular form through which the irrigation stream is made to flow and built as either portable or stationary structure.
a. Parshall flume
b. Weir
c. Dam
d. Orifice
b. Weir
Is soil detachment and transport resulting from the impact of water drops directly on soil particles or on thin water surfaces.
a. Interrill erosion
b. Rill erosion
c. Splash / raindrop erosion
d. Stream channel erosion
c. Splash / raindrop erosion
Compute the water holding capacity of soil in inches if the F.C. is 30% and the wilting point is 15% of the dry soil density. This density is 80 lbs/ft3 and the soil depth to be irrigated is 2 feet.
a. 3.6 b. 2.6 c. 5.6 d. 4.6
d. 4.6 inches
dnet = (FC - PWP)(As)(DRZ)
As = 80 lbs/ft3 / density of water (62.4 lbs/ft3)
The mass per unit volume of the soil particle is:
a. Porosity
b. void ratio
c. soil density
d. specific gravity
a. Porosity
Can stabilize the slopes of the gully and hence reduce runoff velocities.
a. Riprap
b. Grassed waterways
c. Check dams or weirs
d. Vegetation
b. Grassed waterways
The trapezoidal canal is to have a base width of 6 m and side slopes of 1:1. The velocity of flow is 0.6 m/sec. What slope must be given the bed in order to deliver 5 m3/sec and n=0.025.
a. 0.00263 b. 0.0000263 c. 0.000263 d. 0.0263
c. 0.000263
calculate area, Q=VA
then calculate d
then calculate R
then solve for slope
Caused by the rising of warmer, lighter air in colder, denser surroundings.
a. Frontal
b. Convective precipitation
c. Cyclonic precipitation
d. Orographic precipitation
b. Convective precipitation
Landslides and slips due to saturation of steep hills and slopes.
a.Slip erosions
b.Wind erosions
c.Coastal erosions
d.Stream bank erosion
a.Slip erosions
Given a probability of occurrence or exceedence of 5%. How many years will it take before a discharge of 1000 m3/sec will be equaled or exceeded?
a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 25
c. 20
T = 1/P
T = 1/0.05
Composite facilities that permit entry of water to paddy areas and consist of farm ditches and turnouts
a. Shallow Tubewell Irrigation Systems (STW)
b. On-Farm Irrigation Facilities
c. Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS)
d. National Irrigation Systems (NIS)
b. On-Farm Irrigation Facilities
Given the following: bed slope = 0.0003 manning constant, n= 0.03 b/d ratio = 3.5 wetted perimeter = 14; z = 0.5. The velocity of flow along a trapezoidal canal is?
a. 8.2 m/s
b. 0.82 m/s
c. 82 m/s
d. 0.082 m/s
b. 0.82 m/s
solve d using b/d ratio and the perimeter
Then solve for R.
Then solve V.
It is accomplished by running water through small channels or furrows while it moves down or across the slope of the field.
a. Corrugation irrigation
b. Furrow irrigation
c. Level-border or basin irrigation
d. Contour-ditch irrigation
b. Furrow irrigation
The recommended flow velocity on earth canals is.
a. 0.30-1.0 m/s
b. 1.0-2.0 m/s
c. 0.10-0.75 m/s
d. None of the above
a. 0.30-1.0 m/s
Which is highly dependent on soil texture, refers to the downward movement of water through a depth of soil.
a. Percolation
b. Evapotranspiration
c. Transpiration
d. Seepage
a. Percolation - vertical/downward movement of water
Seepage - lateral movement of water
A soil sample has wet mass of 120g and an undisturbed volume of 78cc. If the dry mass basis moisture content is 20%, the bulk density is.
a. 3.28g/cc
b. 1.28g/cc
c. 2.28g/cc
d. 4.28g/cc
b. 1.28g/cc
If the rectangular canal have base of 0.65 m, what would be the depth of flow when the hydraulic radius is equal to the area of flow.
a. 0.418 m
b. 4.18 m
c. 0.17 m
d. 1.7 m
c. 0.17 m
R = A/P
R = (bd)/P
R = 0.65d/1
P = b + 2d
1 = 0.65 +2d
d = 0.175 m
The ____ is the amount of water to be applied to the field as irrigation.
a. Diversion Water Requirement (DWR)
b. Farm Water Requirement (FWR)
c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR)
d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR)
c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR)
A concrete lined canal is to convey water over a distance of 250 m, from the well to farm, drop in elevation is 0.50 m over canal length and roughness coefficient, n=0.018. Estimate the bottom width of a rectangular canal with a
depth of flowing water of 0.25 m, if the hydraulic radius is equal to the depth of flow?
a. 0.5 m
b. 5 m
c. 50 m
d. None of the above
What is the velocity of water in the canal in item above.
a. 0.062 m/s
b. 0.62 m/s
c. 6.2 m/s
d. 62 m/s
a) 0.5
R=d
R=0.25/1
1 = b + 2d
b = 1 - 2(0.25)
b = 0.5 m
b) 0.62 m/s
recompute R then use manning’s
Graphs that show interrelations between speed, head discharge, and horsepower of a pump.
a. Static head
b. Total dynamic head
c. Drawdown
d. Characteristic curve
d. Characteristic curve
The most hydraulically efficient trapezoidal channel section to carry a discharge of 5m3/s on a bed material with roughness n of 0.02 and a bottom slope of 1 in 800 should have a bottom width of.
a. 1.65m b. 2.65m c. 3.65m d. 4.65m
a. 1.65m
Solve d, then solve b.
A = 1.73d^2
R = d/2
A discharge of 20 L/sec is equivalent to.
a. 2 cu.m/hr
b. 20000 cu.m/hr
c. 0.02 L/min
d. 72 cu.m/hr
d. 72 cu.m/hr
That portion of the available moisture that is most easily extracted by plants; this is approximately 75% of the available moisture.
a. Computation of moisture content
b. Readily available moisture (RAM)
c. Available moisture (AM)
d. Permanent wilting point (or wilting coefficient
b. Readily available moisture (RAM)
Given an irrigation depth of 30cm and 10 hrs of irrigation time, determine the discharge needed to irrigate a hectare of land
a. 100 cu.m/hr
b. 10 cu.m/hr
c. 30 cu.m/hr
d. 300 cu.m/h
d. 300 cu.m/h
Associated with the movement of air masses from high-pressure to lowpressure regions
a. Frontal
b. Non Frontal
c. Cyclonic precipitation
d. Orographic precipitation
c. Cyclonic precipitation
One liter per second is equal to.
a. 16.85 gpm
b. 15.5 gpm
c. 15.85 gpm
d. 17.35 gpm
c. 15.85 gpm
Lands which display marked characteristics justifying the operation of an irrigation system
a. Irrigators’ Association
b. Irrigation System
c. Irrigated Lands
d. Irrigable Lands
d. Irrigable Lands
A farm channel carries a flow of 20 L/s for a field using furrow irrigation. If each furrow required a flow of 1 L/s, how many furrow can be irrigated at a time?
a. 20
b. 200
c. 2000
d. NOTA
a. 20
A method of asexual propagation involving the transfer of aerial parts of one plant (scion) to the root or trunk material (stock) of another plant:
a. Hydroponics
b. Grafting
c. Inoculation
d. Marcotting
b. Grafting
The sequences of events occurring in a viable seed, starting with the inhibition of water, that leads to the growth and development of embryo:
a. Reproduction
b. Vegetative stage
c. Fertilization
d. Germination
d. Germination
A crop produced for direct sale for cash, as contracted with crops produced
as livestock feed:
a. cover crop
b. inter-tilled crop
c. companion crop
d. cash crop
d. cash crop