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Wala lang trip lang > Soil & Water Resources Development and Conservation, Irrigation, Drainage and Allied Subjects (HIGH PRIO) > Flashcards

Soil & Water Resources Development and Conservation, Irrigation, Drainage and Allied Subjects (HIGH PRIO) Flashcards

1
Q

The recent monsoon rains have posted a nearly uniform rainfall intensity of 30 mm/hr over a 1,500-hectare watershed area in Central Luzon. If the runoff coefficient is 0.15, what is the runoff in m3/sec?
a. 18.75
c. 1.87
b. 187.5
d. 1.875

A

a. 18.75

Q = CiA
Q = (30 mm/hr)(1500 ha)(10000 m2/ha)(1 hr/3600s)(1m/1000mm)

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2
Q

Ratio of the dry weight of soil particles to the weight of an equal volume of water
a. Particle Density
b. Bulk Density
c. Real specific Density
d. Apparent specific density

A

c. Real specific Density

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3
Q

A television network is planning to air four 30-minute sitcoms namely: “Mana-Mana”, “Okidoki”, “Tanging Ama” and “Home Along da Sea”. In how many ways can the network arrange these sitcoms in a 7-9 pm time slot if “Mana-Mana” should be aired third?
a. 1
b.2
c.6
d.24

A

c.6

3! = 6

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4
Q

An artesian well has a diameter of 10 cm. Under steady state condition, what is the expected discharge (lps) if the drawdown is 2.5 m and the radius of influence is 120 m? The aquifer’s hydraulic conductivity and thickness are 75 m/day and 4 m, respectively.
a. 7.01 lps
b. 8.01 lps
c. 9.01 lps
d. 10.01 lps

A

a. 7.01 lps

Q = 2pikt(deltah)//ln(re/rw)

Q = 2pi(75 m/day)(4 m)(2.5 m)/ln(120m/0.05m)

convert m3/day to lps

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5
Q

For rolling areas and non-uniform distribution of gages, distance factor fixed by location of gages is used for analysis using this method.
a.Inverse Distance Ratio Method
b.Grid-Point Method
c.Isohyetal
d.Thiessen polygon

A

a.Inverse Distance Ratio Method

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6
Q

What is the soil erosion of 10 T/ha/yr in mm/yr?Assume that the soil bulk density is 1.2 T/m3.
a. 0.083 mm/yr c.0.83 mm/yr
b. 8.33 mm/yr d.80.33 mm/yr

A

c.0.83 mm/yr

Soil erosion = (10T/ha/yr)/(1.2 T/m3)

convert units

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7
Q

Which among the elements is a major element for plant nutrition?
a. Boron
b. Chlorine
c. Nitrogen
d. Silicon

A

c. Nitrogen

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8
Q

The process of converting water and carbon dioxide into sugar using chlorophyll and light energy accompanied by the production of oxygen by green plants:
a. respiration
b. oxidation
c. transpiration
d. photosynthesis

A

d. photosynthesis

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9
Q

An irrigation engineer, in his study, was able to establish that the irrigation requirement of crop XYZ is 6.5 mm/day. If the rootzone depth was estimated at 2 in. On the average, what should be the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver the 5-day requirement of a 10 ha farm in 24 hours?
a. 31.62 lps
b. 47.62 lps
c. 57.62 lps
d. 37.62 lps

A

Q = (6.5 mm/day)(5 days)(10 ha)(10000 m2)/(24 hours)

Q = convert L/h to lps

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10
Q

Total water yield from a storm for a given watershed
a. Surface runoff
b. Subsurface runoff
c. Groundwater runoff
d. Runoff volume

A

a. Surface runoff

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11
Q

The gross application depth is 93mm to irrigate a crop with a crop coefficient of 0.9. The reference crop evapotranspiration is 6mm/day. If the application efficiency is 70%, the irrigation interval is.
a. 10days b.11days c.12days d.13days

A

c.12days

II = (dnet)/ETc

dnet = dgross x Ea

ETc = ETo x Kc

II = (93 mm x 0.7)/(6 mm/day x 0.9)

II = 12 days

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12
Q

This resembles terracing in that the drainage ditches are constructed around the slope on a uniform grade according to the land topography.
a. Random ditch system
b. Double-main system
c. Interception or cross-slope system
d. Diversion or parallel ditch system

A

c. Interception or cross-slope system

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13
Q

It is the soil moisture allowable depletion of most crops.
a. 50%
b. 20%
c. 80%
d. 100%

A

a. 50%

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14
Q

Given the following data:
Evapotranspiration = 5 mm/day,
Percolation = 2mm/day,
Rainfall for November = 200 mm,
Effective rainfall for Nov. = 50%,
Soil Porosity = 60%,
Apparent Specific Gravity = 1.4,
Residual Soil Moisture = 15%,
Rootzone depth = 200mm,
Application efficiency = 75%,
Conveyance efficiency = 80%,
Ave. fraction of area covered = 0.5,
Dependable flow = 4.5 m/sec,
Duration of land soaking = 5 days
16. What is the net land soaking requirement?
a. 78 mm/day c. 15.6 mm/day
b. 7.8 mm/day d. 0.65 mm/day

A

c. 15.6 mm/day

LSR = (n-(AsxRMC))(DRZ)

LSR = (0.6 - (1.4 x 0.15))(200 mm)

LSR = 78 mm

NetLSR = 78 mm/5 days = 15.6 mm/day

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15
Q

Wherein the surface is rarely wet since the water is supplied from the soil underneath
a. Sprinkler irrigation
b. Sub-irrigation
c. Drip or trickle irrigation
d. Contour-ditch irrigation

A

b. Sub-irrigation

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16
Q

An internal condition of a seed or bud that prevents its prompt germinating or sprouting under normal growth conditions:
a. dormancy
b. diffusion
c. germination
d. dominant

A

a. dormancy

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17
Q

The process of moisture lost of plants through the leaves:
a. germination
b. transpiration
c. oxidation
d. flowering

A

b. transpiration

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18
Q

A natural body composed of a variable mixture of broken and weathered minerals and decaying organic matter and when containing the proper amount of air and water, supplies sustenance and gives mechanical support of plants:
a. fertilizer
b. soil
c. humus
d. mineral

A

b. soil

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19
Q

A concrete lined canal is to convey water over a distance of 250 m from the well to a tomato farm. Drop in elevation is 0.5 m over the 250 m canal length and roughness coefficient, n, is 0.018. Estimate the bottom width of a rectangular canal with a depth of flowing water of 0.25 m if the hydraulic radius is equal to the area of flow.
a. b = 0.5 m
b. b = 50 m
c. b = 0.25 m
d. b = 25 m
The velocity of water in the canal is
a. 0.62 m/sec
b. 6.2 m/sec
c. 62 m/sec
d. 0.062 m/sec

A

a. b = 0.5 m
a. 0.62 m/sec

b=2d (most efficient)
A=bd
Then use Manning’s equation to find the velocity.

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20
Q

It involves controlled flooding from field ditches along the contour of the land, which allows the water to flood down the slope between field ditches without employing dikes or other means that guide or restrict its movement.
a.Sprinkler irrigation
b.Sub-irrigation
c.Level-border or basin irrigation
d.Contour-ditch irrigation

A

d.Contour-ditch irrigation system

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21
Q

The volume of the soil sample during sampling was 85 cc and weight after drying in the area was 130g. The volume weight of the soil is
a. 1.5 g/cc
b. 1.75 g/cc
c. 1/25 g/cc
d. nota

A

a. 1.5 g/cc

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22
Q

The percentage of moisture by weight of a soil sample of 85 cc with a dry weight of 130 if the weight of the sample before drying was 145 g.
a.12.5% b.10.5% c.9.5% d.11.5%

A

d.11.5%

MCm = 145-130/130 x 100 = 11.5%

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23
Q

Similar to that of tertiary canals, the main systems (main and secondary canals) also incur losses termed as conveyance losses. Seepage and percolation losses and evaporation along the conveyance canals comprise the conveyance losses.
a. Diversion Water Requirement (DWR)
b. Farm Water Requirement (FWR)
c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR)
d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR)

A

a. Diversion Water Requirement (DWR)

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24
Q

The common name for Capra hircus:
a. sheep b. pig c. mule d. goat

A

d. goat

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25
Q

The discharge of first emitter in a dropper line is 12 lph. What is the allowable minimum discharge in the last emitter?
a.9.6 lph b.10.8 lph c.10.6 lph d.9.8 lph

A

Q2 = Q1(0.8)

a.9.6 lph

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26
Q

The common name for Anser domesticus:
a. chicken
b. goose
c. duck
d. turkey

A

b. goose

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27
Q

The ability of the stream to provide water determines the extent of the total service area of a national irrigation system
a. Secondary canal
b. Main canal
c. Canal
d. Canal capacity

A

d. Canal capacity

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28
Q

Includes evaporation and transpiration, lumped together as evapotranspiration.
a. Irrigation water requirement (IWR)
b. Consumptive
c. Non-consumtive
d. Crop water requirement (CWR)

A

b. Consumptive

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29
Q

What is the depth of flowing water in a trapezoidal canal with a side slope of 1:1 and base of 1.0 m if the stream velocity is 1 mps and the average discharge is 6 cms.
a. 1.0 m
b. 2.0 m
c. 3.0 m
d. 4.0 m

A

b. 2.0 m

Q = VA
A = bd + zd^2

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30
Q

The ratio of the weight of water to the dry weight of the soil
a. Soil Texture
b. Soil Structure
c. Porosity
d. dry weight basis

A

d. dry weight basis

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31
Q

The soil has a field capacity and permanent wilting point of 27% and 13%, respectively. What is the readily available moisture in cm of water per cm of soil if the bulk density is 1.25 g/cc?
a. 10.25 cm/m
b. 17.5 cm/m
c. 13.12 cm/m
d. 14.0 cm/m

A

RAM = 0.75AM
AM = FC - PWP
RAM = (0.75)(0.27 - 0.13)(1.25)(100 cm/m)
RAM = 13.125 cm/m

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32
Q

Advanced stage of rill erosion. Rills when neglected develop in size and become gullies.
a. Slip erosions
b. Wind erosions
c. Stream bank erosion
d. Gully erosion

A

d. Gully erosion

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33
Q

What discharge can be expected from an unconfined well 200 mm in diameter if the drawdown is 5 m in an aquifer saturated to a depth of 18 m? Assume the permeability and the radius of influence to be 20 m/day and 150 m, respectively.
a.14.3 lps b. 13.8 lps
c.15.4 lps d. 12.6 lps

A

c.15.4 lps

Q=[(pi)(20m/day)(18^2 - 13^2)/ln(150 m/0.1 m)

convert to lps

34
Q

Used for flood forecasting and water quality studies; watershed response time
a. Surface time
b. Time to peak
c. Recession time
d. Peak recession time

A

b. Time to peak

35
Q

The hydraulic radius of a pipe with a diameter of 12 mm.
a. 3 mm b. 12 mm c. 6 mm d. 4 mm

A

a. 3 mm

R = A/P
A = pi(d)^2/4
P = pi(d)

36
Q

This is suitable on flat, poorly drained soils that have numerous shallow depresssions.
a. Random ditch system
b. Double-main system
c. Interception or cross-slope system
d. Diversion or parallel ditch system

A

d. Diversion or parallel ditch system

37
Q

Water is supplied to level plots surrounded by dikes or levees. This method is particularly useful on fine-textured soils with low permeability, it is necessary to hold the water on the surface to secure adequate penetration.
a. Sprinkler irrigation
b. Sub-irrigation
c. Level-border or basin irrigation
d. Contour-ditch irrigation

A

c. Level-border or basin irrigation

38
Q

The most efficient trapezoidal cross section.
a. width of the bottom= twice the depth
b. depth = twice the bottom width
c. width of the bottom = 4x the depth
d. width of the top=2x the sum of sides

A

The most efficient trapezoidal cross section, from a hydraulic standpoint (i.e., the shape that provides maximum discharge for a given cross-sectional area and slope), has the following relationship:

a. width of the bottom = twice the depth

39
Q

Removal of water from the road area by the use of culverts, ditches, channels and other several structures
a. Crushed Gravel
b. Roadway Embankment
c. Course
d. Drainage

A

d. Drainage

40
Q

The fraction of the irrigation water that must be leached through the root zone to control soil salinity at specified level.
a. Leaching Requirement (LR)
b. Farm Water Requirement (FWR)
c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR)
d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR)

A

a. Leaching Requirement (LR)

41
Q

Water horsepower divided by pump efficiency, in decimal.
a. Stochastic process
b. Water horsepower
c. Brake horsepower
d. Barrow process

A

c. Brake horsepower

42
Q

This involves the averaging arithmetically all the rainfall depths measured by the rain gages within the area
a. Inverse Distance Ratio Method
b. Grid-Point Method
c. Thiessen polygon
d. Arithmetic mean

A

d. Arithmetic mean

43
Q

Given an irrigation depth of 30 cm and 10 hrs of irrigation time. Determine the discharge to irrigate a hectare of land.
a.100 m3/hr b. 10 m3/hr c.300 m3/hr d. 50 m3/hr

A

c.300 m3/hr

44
Q

Any open or close ground or surface for the passage of water.
a. Water way
b. Seepage
c. Percolation
d. Watershed

A

a. Water way

45
Q

An undisturbed soil sample 100 cc was gathered from a field 2 days after heavy rains when the soil moisture was expected to be at field capacity. The weight of the fresh sample was 176 g but was reduced to 142 g after oven drying. A second soil sample with a fresh weight and oven dried weight of 130 g and 116 g, respectively, was gathered 3 weeks later when the crop was observed to have a permanently wilted.
-Determine the bulk density in g/cc.
a.42 b.1.42 c.1.76 d.17.6
-Determine the apparent specific gravity.
a.1.42 b.1.42 c.1.76 d.17.7
-Determine the field capacity (dry basis).
a.19.32% b. 1.93% c. 23.94% d. 2.39%
-Determine the wilting point (dry basis).
a.1.2% b. 12% c. 10.77% d. 1.08%

A

b. 1.42 (142g/100cc)
b. 1.42 (1.42g/cc)/(1g/cc)
c. 23.94% ((176-142)/142)
b. 12% ((130-116)/116)

46
Q

Combination of sheet and splash erosion
a. Interrill erosion
b. Rill erosion
c. Gully erosion
d. Stream channel erosion

A

a. Interrill erosion

47
Q

A crop has a depth of 0.6 m. F.C. and W.P. are 16% and 8%, respectively. Bulk density is 1.25 g/cc. The desired allowable soil moisture deficit is 60% of the allowable moisture and the average is 6 mm/day.
-The depth of water to be stored in the rootzone per irrigation is:
a. 3.6 m b.0.036 m c.36 mm d. 36 cm
-The irrigation interval is:
a. 6 days b.5 days c.7 days d.8 days

A

b. 0.036 m or c. 36 mm
dnet = (FC - PWP)(AMD)(DRZ)(As)
dnet = (0.16-0.08)(0.6)(1.25)(0.6m)

a. 6 days
II = dnet/ETc
II = 36 mm/(6 mm/day)

48
Q

Caused by high velocity winds moving over barren land surfaces.
a. Slip erosions
b. Wind erosions
c. Coastal erosions
d. Stream bank erosion

A

b. Wind erosions

49
Q

Soil productivity is the ability of the soil
a. to produce the desired amount of plant yield
b. supply nutrients in sufficient and balanced amounts
c. store and resist leaching nutrients
d. all of the above

A

a. to produce the desired amount of plant yield

50
Q

The percent N, P2O5 and K2O in a fertilizer
a. fertilizer grade
b. fertilizer ratio
c. fertilizer recommendation
d. none of the above

A

a. fertilizer grade

51
Q

Which is not a single-element or straight fertilizer?
a. Urea
b. Muriate of Potash
c. Ammonium phosphate
d. Ammonium sulfate

A

c. Ammonium phosphate

52
Q

Given bed slope=0.0003; Manning’s coefficient, n=0.03; b/d ratio=3.5; wetted perimeter, p=14; z=0.5. The velocity of flow along a trapezoidal canal is:
a. 8.9 m/s b. 0.89 m/s c. 89 m/s d. 0.089 m/s

A

b. 0.89 m/s

Get d or b using the Perimeter then solve R = A/P. Then use Manning’s equation.

53
Q

Primarily caused by raindrop
a. Slip erosions
b. Wind erosions
c. Coastal erosions
d. Splash/Raindrop erosion

A

d. Splash/Raindrop erosion

54
Q

The thickness of a confined aquifer is 5 m, well diameter=40 cm, radius of influence=250 m, k=10 m/day, height of water in the pumping well=1,325 m, height of piezometric surface=1,500 m. The steady state discharge is:
a. 0.89 m3/sec
b. 0.089 m3/sec
c. 0.089 lps
d. 0.89 lps

A

b. 0.089 m3/sec

Q = [2pikt(h1-h2)]/ln(re/rw)

Q = [2pi(10m/day)(5m)(1500m-1325m)]/ln(250m/0.2m)

convert to lps

55
Q

Surface runoff plus interflow
a. Base flow
b. Direct runoff
c. Groundwater runoff
d. Peak flow

A

b. Direct runoff

56
Q

How many sprinklers with spacing of 7m x 7m are needed to irrigate a rectangular field of 150m x 200m if the laterals are set parallel to the larger side of the field:
a. 588 b. 609 c. 616 d. 638

A

a. 588

Total number of sprinklers = Nl x Ns
Nl = (150 m/7m) = 21 laterals
Ns = (200m/7m) = 28 sprinklers per lateral
TNOS = 21 x 28 =588 sprinklers

57
Q

The soil type largely influences the width of bed to be used. The furrows drain to collection ditches.
a. Random ditch system
b. Double-main system
c. Bedding system
d. Natural system

A

c. Bedding system

58
Q

The scientific name for pigeon:
a. Columbia livia
b. Anser domesticus
c. Gallus gallus
d. Numida meleagris

A

a. Columbia livia

59
Q

If the theoretical flow of velocity in an orifice is 4 m/s, what is the height of water flowing above the center of the orifice?
a. 0.8m b. 8.0m c. 0.9m d. 9.0m

A

a. 0.8m

V = sqrt(2gH)

60
Q

The needed for water to infiltrate into the soil, depending on the depth of water and the soil.
a. Infiltration rate
b. Infiltration
c. Infiltration efficiency
d. None of the above

A

a. Infiltration rate

61
Q

Irrigation systems that have relatively large service areas and are managed by government agencies
a. Shallow Tubewell Irrigation Systems (STW)
b. On-Farm Irrigation Facilities
c. Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS)
d. National Irrigation Systems (NIS)

A

d. National Irrigation Systems (NIS)

62
Q

Given an irrigation depth of 30 cm and 8 hrs of irrigation time. Determine the discharge needed to irrigate a hectare of land:
a. 375 m3/hr
b. 10 m3/hr
c. 30 m3/hr
d. 200 m3/hr

A

a. 375 m3/hr

63
Q

The soil moisture content when plants permanently wilt. The soil moisture
tension at this point is about 15 atmospheres.
a. Computation of moisture content
b. Readily available moisture (RAM)
c. Available moisture (AM)
d. Permanent wilting point (or wilting coefficient)

A

d. Permanent wilting point (or wilting coefficient)

64
Q

A flood flow of 560 m3/s was determined to have a 50% probability of occurrence. What is its return period?
a. 2 years c. 20 years
b. 5 years d. 50 years

A

a. 2 years

Probability = (1/Return Period) x 100

65
Q

Type of flow wherein the depth of flow in a prismatic channel is constant at any point in the channel
a. laminar flow
b. uniform flow
c. steady flow
d. critical flow

A

b. uniform flow

66
Q

Urea is one of the many form of commercial fertilizers with a typical grade of ______?
a. 14-14-14
b. d. 0-0-60
c. 45-0-0
d. 0-30-0

A

c. 45-0-0

67
Q

The study of soil which puts more emphasis on the origin, characteristics, classification and description:
a. Pedology
b. Botany
c. Pathology
d. Agronomy

A

a. Pedology

68
Q

The unit of heredity, variation, sex determination and related phenomena:
a. plasma
b. protein
c. gene
d. cell

A

c. gene

69
Q

A farmer is to irrigate a crop planted in furrows of 100m x 100m area. His furrow spacing is 50 cm and the application depth is 100 mm. If the
inflow rate is 0.4 lps/100m, determine the time of irrigating each furrow:
a. 3.47 hrs b. 0.69 hrs c. 28.94 hrs d. 15 days

A

a. 3.47 hrs

70
Q

Lands serviced by natural irrigation or irrigation facilities. These include land where water is not readily available as existing irrigation facilities need rehabilitation or upgrading or where irrigation water is not available year-round
a. Irrigators’ Association
b. Irrigation System
c. Irrigated Lands
d. Irrigable Lands

A

c. Irrigated Lands

71
Q

This property of run-off is used for flood forecasting and water quality analysis. It is the time where the flood flow is highest.
a. Recession time
b. Time to lag
c. Run-off time
d. Time to peak

A

d. Time to peak

72
Q

A rectangular lined canal will be used to irrigate 60 has. If a Francis weir of 0.4m crest will be used to control the flow, what would be the depth of water over the crest in order to supply 2 lps/ha?
a. 0.07m b. 0.30m c. 1.94m d. 4.47m

A

a. 0.07m

73
Q

The ratio of water beneficially used on the project, farm or field to the amount of water delivered to the farm expressed in percent.
a. Consumptive use efficiency
b. Water storage efficiency
c. Water-use efficiency
d. Water application efficiency

A

c. Water-use efficiency

74
Q

A type of terrace usually used for 9-24% slope characterized by breaking the slope at certain intervals by a ridge and a flat portion to trap runoff.
a. Bench terrace
b. Zingg terrace
c. Broad-based terrace
d. Manning’s terrace

A

b. Zingg terrace

75
Q

The operating pressure of the sprinkler heads in a sprinkler irrigation system is 12.52 kg/cm2. What is the allowable pressure (kg/m2) variation between the first and the last sprinkler head in a lateral?
a. 2.504 b. 5.240 c. 25.04 d. 4.520

A

a. 2.504

76
Q

The ratio of the void volume to the total soil volume (unitless)
a. Soil Texture
b. Soil Structure
c. Porosity
d. dry weight basis

A

c. Porosity

77
Q

Ratio of the bulk density of the soil with the density of water; it is the ratio of the weight of soil to the weight of water with volume equal to the total soil volume
a. Bulk density
b. Particle density
c. Apparent specific gravity
d. Real specific gravity

A

c. Apparent specific gravity

78
Q

A rectangular water tank, 2 meters high, is filled with water. Due to rust, a circular hole was made on lowest portion of one side of the tank. Considering that the tank is maintained full, what is the velocity of water right after its take-off from the hole?
a. 6.26 m/s
b. 39.22 m/s
c. 4.43 m/s
d. 19.63 m/s

A

a. 6.26 m/s

V = sqrt(2gH)

79
Q

If the speed of an irrigation centrifugal pump is increased by 30%, the power requirement is increased by:
a. 2.197 b. 1.297 c. 2.917 d. 1.972

A

a. 2.197

P1(n2/n1)^3 = P2

P1(1.3/1)^3 = P2

80
Q
A

Wala lang trip lang (10 decks)

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