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Wala lang trip lang > AREA-2 > Flashcards

AREA-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Application of water to create a condition in the soil that is favorable for plant growth.

A

Irrigation

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2
Q

the removal of excess water from the soil with the same aim of creating conditions favorable for the growth of crops.

A

Drainage

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3
Q

the relative proportion of primary particles (sand, silt and clay) in the soil

A

Soil texture

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4
Q

the arrangements of primary particles in the soil into units or peds

A

Soil structure

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5
Q

the ratio of the void volume to the total soil volume (unitless)

A

porosity

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6
Q

the ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the total soil volume

A

Bulk density

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7
Q

the ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the volume of the soil particles

A

particle density

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8
Q

ratio of the bulk density of the soil with the
density of water

A

apparent specific gravity

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9
Q

ratio of the particle density of the soil with the
density of water

A

real specific gravity

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10
Q

the time rate at which water will percolate into the soil

A

Infiltration rate

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11
Q

the rate of infiltration from a furrow into the soil

A

intake rate

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12
Q

the velocity of flow into the soil caused by a unit hydraulic gradient in which the driving force is one kilogram per kilogram of water.

A

permeability

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13
Q

the amount of water the soil profile will hold when all its pore spaces are filled up with water

A

saturation point

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14
Q

The amount of water the soil profile will hold when all its pore spaces are filled up with water. Also, the moisture content of the soil when gravitational water has been removed

A

Field Capacity

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15
Q

the soil moisture content when plants permanently wilt.

A

Permanent wilting point

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16
Q

the difference in moisture content of the soil between field capacity and the permanent wilting point.

A

available moisture

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17
Q

that portion of the available moisture that is
most easily extracted by plants; this is approximately 75% of the available moisture.

A

readily available moisture

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18
Q

the ratio between the water delivered to the farm and the water diverted from a river or reservoir expressed in percent

A

Water Conveyance Efficiency

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19
Q

the ratio between water stored in the soil root zone during irrigation and the water delivered to the farm expressed in percent.

A

Water Application Efficiency

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20
Q

the ratio of water beneficially used on the project, farm or field to the amount of water delivered to the farm expressed in percent.

A

Water-use Efficiency

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21
Q

the ratio of water stored in the root zone during the irrigation to the water needed in the root zone prior to irrigation, expressed in percent.

A

Water Storage Efficiency

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22
Q

the ratio of the normal consumptive use of water to the net amount of water depleted from the root zone soil.

A

Consumptive Use Efficiency

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23
Q

the power theoretically required to lift a given quantity of water each second to specified height.

A

Water horsepower

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24
Q

water horsepower divided by pump efficiency, in decimal.

A

Brake Horsepower

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25
Q

the difference in elevation of the water surface in a pond, lake, or river from which pumped water is taken, and the water surface of the discharge canal into which the water flows from a submerged discharged pipe.

A

Static Head

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26
Q

the sum of total static head, pressure head, velocity head and friction head

A

Total Dynamic Head

27
Q

is the difference in elevation between the groundwater table and the water surface at the well when pumping.

A

Drawdown

28
Q

graphs that show interrelations between speed, head discharge, and horsepower of a pump.

A

Characteristic Curve

29
Q

expresses the relationship between speed in rpm, discharge in gpm, and head in feet.

A

Specific Speed

30
Q

is the sum of transpiration and water evaporated from the soil, or exterior portions of the plants where water may have accumulated from irrigation, rainfall, dew, or exudation from the interior of the plants.

A

Evapotranspiration

31
Q

the process by which water vapor escapes from living plants, principally by leaves, and enters the atmosphere.

A

Transpiration

32
Q

the fraction of the irrigation water that must be leached through the root zone to control soil salinity at specified level.

A

Leaching Requirement (LR)

33
Q

irrigation systems that have relatively large service
areas and are managed by government agencies

A

National Irrigation Systems (NIS)

34
Q

managed and operated by farmers’ or irrigators’ associations

A

Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS)

35
Q

the amount of water to be applied to the field as irrigation.

A

Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR)

36
Q

pipes vertically set into the ground that abstract groundwater to be used for irrigation, usually owned and operated by individual
farmers

A

Shallow Tubewell Irrigation Systems (STW)

37
Q

It is the simplest piece of overhead irrigation equipment and is commonly used in small-scale upland farming.

A

Watering can

37
Q

This method is the application of water to the surface of
the soil in the form of spray, simulating that of rain.

A

Sprinkler Irrigation

38
Q

It is accomplished by running water through small channels or furrows while it moves down or across the slope of the field.

A

Furrow irrigation

39
Q

It is a variation of the furrow method and it uses
small rills or corrugations for irrigating closely spaced crops, such as small grains
and pastures.

A

Corrugation irrigation

40
Q

Water is applied from field ditches to guide its flow and it is difficult to attain high irrigation efficiency using this method.

A

Ordinary flooding

41
Q

A field is divided into a series of strips by borders or ridges running down the predominant slope or on the contour. Water is released into the head of the border to irrigate.

A

Border-strip flooding

42
Q

Water is supplied to level plots surrounded by
dikes or levees.

A

Level-border or basin irrigation

43
Q

the water is directed to the base of the plant. Water is applied to the soil through small orifices.

A

by drip or trickle irrigation

44
Q

the surface is rarely wet since the water is supplied from the soil underneath.

A

by sub-irrigation

45
Q

This system is adapted to areas with depressions that are too deep or too large to fill by land leveling. The ditches meander
from one low spot to another, collecting the water and carrying it to an outlet
ditch.

A

Random Ditch System

46
Q

This resembles terracing in that the drainage ditches are constructed around the slope on a uniform grade according to the land topography. The ditches should be constructed across the slope as straight and parallel as the topography permits.

A

Interception or Cross-slope System

47
Q

This is suitable on flat, poorly drained
soils that have numerous shallow depressions. In general, the ditches are 185 m to a maximum of 370 m apart (not necessarily equidistant) and the land in between the parallel ditches is sloped and smoothed to eliminate any minor depressions or obstructions to the overland flow of the water.

A

Diversion or Parallel Ditch System

48
Q

This system is used in rolling topography where drainage is necessary only in small valleys.

A

Natural System

49
Q

Used if the entire area is to be drained and is usually more economiC. Laterals enter the submain from one side only to minimize the double drainage that occurs near the submain.

A

Gridiron Layout

50
Q

The submain is laid in a depression and the laterals join the submain from each side alternately. The land along the submain is double drained, but since it is in a depression, it probably requires more drainage.

A

Herringbone Pattern

51
Q

This system is often used if the bottom of the
depression is wide since it reduces the lengths of the laterals and eliminates the break in slope of the laterals at the edge of the depression.

A

Double-main System

52
Q

This is used if the main source of excess water is
drainage from hill lands. The drains are placed along the toe of the slope to protect the bottom land.

A

Intercepting Drain

53
Q

This system is adopted to minimize the
exposure of the laterals to the hazard posed by root of trees which easily enter the open joints of underdrains. Mains and laterals were kept well away from trees.

A

Arrangement to avoid trees

54
Q

the composite parts of the irrigation system that divert water from natural bodies of water such as rivers, streams, and lakes

A

Headworks

55
Q

lands which display marked characteristics justifying the operation of an irrigation system

A

Irrigable Lands

56
Q

lands serviced by natural irrigation or irrigation facilities. These include land where water is not readily available as existing irrigation facilities need rehabilitation or upgrading or where irrigation water is not available year-round

A

Irrigated Lands

57
Q

a system of irrigation facilities covering contiguous areas

A

Irrigation System

58
Q

an association of farmers within a contiguous area served by a National Irrigation System or Communal Irrigation System

A

Irrigators’ Association (IA)

59
Q

the channel where diverted water from a source flows to the intended area to be irrigated

A

Main Canal

60
Q

composite facilities that permit entry of water to paddy areas and consist of farm ditches and turnouts

A

On-Farm Irrigation Facilities

61
Q

the channel connected to the main canal which distributes irrigation to specific areas

A

Secondary Canal

62
Q

a tube or shaft vertically set into the ground to bring groundwater to the soil surface from a depth of less than 20 meters
by suction lifting

A

Shallow Tubewell (STW)

63
Q
A

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