AREA-2 Flashcards
Application of water to create a condition in the soil that is favorable for plant growth.
Irrigation
the removal of excess water from the soil with the same aim of creating conditions favorable for the growth of crops.
Drainage
the relative proportion of primary particles (sand, silt and clay) in the soil
Soil texture
the arrangements of primary particles in the soil into units or peds
Soil structure
the ratio of the void volume to the total soil volume (unitless)
porosity
the ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the total soil volume
Bulk density
the ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the volume of the soil particles
particle density
ratio of the bulk density of the soil with the
density of water
apparent specific gravity
ratio of the particle density of the soil with the
density of water
real specific gravity
the time rate at which water will percolate into the soil
Infiltration rate
the rate of infiltration from a furrow into the soil
intake rate
the velocity of flow into the soil caused by a unit hydraulic gradient in which the driving force is one kilogram per kilogram of water.
permeability
the amount of water the soil profile will hold when all its pore spaces are filled up with water
saturation point
The amount of water the soil profile will hold when all its pore spaces are filled up with water. Also, the moisture content of the soil when gravitational water has been removed
Field Capacity
the soil moisture content when plants permanently wilt.
Permanent wilting point
the difference in moisture content of the soil between field capacity and the permanent wilting point.
available moisture
that portion of the available moisture that is
most easily extracted by plants; this is approximately 75% of the available moisture.
readily available moisture
the ratio between the water delivered to the farm and the water diverted from a river or reservoir expressed in percent
Water Conveyance Efficiency
the ratio between water stored in the soil root zone during irrigation and the water delivered to the farm expressed in percent.
Water Application Efficiency
the ratio of water beneficially used on the project, farm or field to the amount of water delivered to the farm expressed in percent.
Water-use Efficiency
the ratio of water stored in the root zone during the irrigation to the water needed in the root zone prior to irrigation, expressed in percent.
Water Storage Efficiency
the ratio of the normal consumptive use of water to the net amount of water depleted from the root zone soil.
Consumptive Use Efficiency
the power theoretically required to lift a given quantity of water each second to specified height.
Water horsepower
water horsepower divided by pump efficiency, in decimal.
Brake Horsepower
the difference in elevation of the water surface in a pond, lake, or river from which pumped water is taken, and the water surface of the discharge canal into which the water flows from a submerged discharged pipe.
Static Head