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Soil Classification Flashcards

1
Q

surface horizon; occurring at the soil surface; upper profile; topsoil

A

epipedon

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2
Q

subsurface; bellow the surface; the lower profile; subsoil

A

endopedon

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3
Q

poorly and very poorly drained (SM regime)

A

Aquic

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4
Q

arid and semi-arid (SM regime)

A

Aridic

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5
Q

humid, seasonally well distributed precipitation (SM regime)

A

Udic

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6
Q

Mediterraneantype climate with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers (SM regime)

A

Xeric

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7
Q

P>ET (SM regime)

A

Perudic

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8
Q

semiarid, moisture available for portions of the growing season (SM regime)

A

Ustic

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9
Q

Too cold for virtually all crops; very cold MAST (<0°C)

A

Gelic

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10
Q

Too cold for virtually all crops; cold MAST (<8°C) also cold in summer

A

Cryic

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11
Q

Too cold for all but cold weather crops, such as Wheat, Barley or oats; cold MAST (<8°C) warmer in summer

A

Frigid

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12
Q

Suited for crops such as corn, wheat and soybeans; moderate MAST (8-15°C)

A

Mesic

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13
Q

Suited to warm weather crops such as cotton; warm MAST (15-22°C)

A

Thermic

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14
Q

Suited to citrus and other freeze-intolerant crops; hot MAST (>22°C)

A

Hyperthermic

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15
Q

dark, at least moderate content of organic matter, sandy or
loamy; resulting from application of sods and excrements (anthropogenic horizon)

A

plaggic

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16
Q

in paddy soils: the layer comprising the puddled layer
and the plough pan, both showing a reduced matrix and oxidized root
channels (anthropogenic horizon)

A

anthraquic

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17
Q

in paddy soils: the layer below the anthraquic horizon
showing redoximorphic features and/or an accumulation of Fe and/or Mn (anthropogenic horizon)

A

hydragric

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18
Q

accumulation of secondary carbonates, non-cemented (organic or mineral horizon)

A

calcic

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19
Q

high amounts of readily soluble salts (organic or mineral horizon)

A

salic

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20
Q

perennially frozen (visible ice or, if not enough water, < 0°C) (organic or mineral horizon)

A

cryic

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21
Q

with sulfuric acid and a very low pH value (organic or mineral horizon)

A

thionic

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22
Q

organic layer, not water-saturated and not drained (no swamp)

A

folic

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23
Q

organic layer, water-saturated or drained (swamp)

A

histic

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24
Q

thick, dark-coloured, high base saturation, moderate to high
content of organic matter, not massive and hard when dry (mineral horizon)

A

mollic

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25
thick, dark-coloured, low base saturation, moderate to high content of organic matter, not massive and hard when dry (mineral horizon)
umbric
26
subsurface layer with distinctly higher clay content than the overlying layer and/or presence of illuvial clay
argic
27
horizon ≥ 15% (single or in combination) of reddish concretions and/or nodules or of concentrations in platy, polygonal or reticulate patterns; high contents of Fe oxides, at least in the concretions, nodules or concentrations
plinthic
28
horizon evidence of pedogenic alteration; not meeting the criteria of diagnostic horizons that indicate stronger alteration or accumulation processes
cambic
29
horizon strongly weathered; dominated by kaolinites and oxides
ferralic
30
horizon rich in clay and Fe oxides, moderate to strong structure, shiny aggregate faces
nitric
31
horizon dominated by swelling and shrinking clays
vertic
32
properties surface layer characteristics of soils under arid conditions
aridic
33
very sharp increase in clay content within a limited depth range
abrupt textural difference
34
interfingering of coarser-textured and lighter coloured material into an argic horizon forming vertically continuous tongues (special case of retic properties)
albeluvic glossae
35
properties short-range-order minerals and/or organo-metallic complexes
andic
36
properties saturated with groundwater (or upwards moving gases) long enough that reducing conditions occur
gleyic
37
material: < 20% soil organic carbon and ≥ 35% (by volume) organic artefacts
organotechnic
38
material: light-coloured fine earth, expressed by high Munsell value and low chroma
claric
39
created, substantially modified or brought to the surface by humans; no subsequent substantial change of chemical or mineralogical properties
artefacts
40
material: sedimented by wind
aeolic
41
material: ≥ 2% calcium carbonate equivalent, at least partially inherited from the parent material
calcaric
42
material: fluviatile, marine or lacustrine deposits with evident stratification
fluvic
43
Soils with thick organic layers
histosols
44
soils with strong human influence with long and intensive agricultural use
anthrosols
45
soils with strong human influence containing significant amounts of artefacts
technosols
46
soils with limitations to root growth, permafost-affacted
cryosols
47
soils with limitations to root growth, thin or with many coarse fragments
leptosols
48
soils with limitations to root growth, with a high content of exchangeable Na
solonetz
49
soils with limitations to root growth, alternating wet-dry conditions, shrink swell clay minerals
vertisols
50
soils with limitations to root growth, high concentration of soluble salts
solonchaks
51
Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, groundwater-affected, under water or tidal areas
gleysol
52
Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, allophones and/or Al-humus complexes
andosols
53
Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, subsoil accumulation of humus and/or oxides
podzols
54
Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, accumulation and redistribution of Fe
plinthosols
55
Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, stagnant water, abrupt textural difference
planosols
56
Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, stagnant water structural difference and or moderate textural difference
stagnosols
57
Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, low activity clays, Pfixation, many Fe oxides, strongly structured
nitisols
58
Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, dominance of kaolinite and oxides
ferralsols
59
Pronounced accumulation of organic matter in the mineral topsoil; very dark topsoil, secondary carbonates
chernozems
60
Pronounced accumulation of organic matter in the mineral topsoil; dark topsoil , secondary carbonates
kastanozems
61
Pronounced accumulation of organic matter in the mineral topsoil; dark topsoil, no secondary carbonates (unless very deep), high base status
phaeozems
62
Pronounced accumulation of organic matter in the mineral topsoil; dark topsoil, low base status
umbrisols
63
Accumulation of moderately soluble salts or non-saline substances; and cementation by secondary silica
durisols
64
Accumulation of moderately soluble salts or non-saline substances; secondary gypsum
gypsisols
65
Accumulation of moderately soluble salts or non-saline substances; secondary carbonates
calcisols
66
Soils with clay-enriched subsoil; inter fingering of coarser-textured, lighter colored material into a finer-textured, stronger colored layer
retisols
67
Soils with clay-enriched subsoil; low activity clays, low base status
acrisols
68
Soils with clay-enriched subsoil; low activity clays, high base status
lixisols
69
Soils with clay-enriched subsoil; high activity clays, low base status
alisols
70
Soils with clay-enriched subsoil; high activity clays, high base status
luvisols
71
Soils with little or no profile differentation; moderately developed
cambisols
72
Soils with little or no profile differentation; stratified fluviatile, marine lacustrine sediments
fluvisols
73
Soils with little or no profile differentation; sandy
arenosols
74
Soils with little or no profile differentation; no significant profile development
regosols
75
water that comes from rain
atmocline
76
water that comes from groundwater
lithocline

SOILS (9 decks)

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