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SOILS > Soil Classification > Flashcards

Soil Classification Flashcards

1
Q

surface horizon; occurring at the soil surface; upper profile; topsoil

A

epipedon

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2
Q

subsurface; bellow the surface; the lower profile; subsoil

A

endopedon

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3
Q

poorly and very poorly drained (SM regime)

A

Aquic

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4
Q

arid and semi-arid (SM regime)

A

Aridic

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5
Q

humid, seasonally well distributed precipitation (SM regime)

A

Udic

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6
Q

Mediterraneantype climate with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers (SM regime)

A

Xeric

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7
Q

P>ET (SM regime)

A

Perudic

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8
Q

semiarid, moisture available for portions of the growing season (SM regime)

A

Ustic

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9
Q

Too cold for virtually all crops; very cold MAST (<0°C)

A

Gelic

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10
Q

Too cold for virtually all crops; cold MAST (<8°C) also cold in summer

A

Cryic

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11
Q

Too cold for all but cold weather crops, such as Wheat, Barley or oats; cold MAST (<8°C) warmer in summer

A

Frigid

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12
Q

Suited for crops such as corn, wheat and soybeans; moderate MAST (8-15°C)

A

Mesic

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13
Q

Suited to warm weather crops such as cotton; warm MAST (15-22°C)

A

Thermic

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14
Q

Suited to citrus and other freeze-intolerant crops; hot MAST (>22°C)

A

Hyperthermic

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15
Q

dark, at least moderate content of organic matter, sandy or
loamy; resulting from application of sods and excrements (anthropogenic horizon)

A

plaggic

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16
Q

in paddy soils: the layer comprising the puddled layer
and the plough pan, both showing a reduced matrix and oxidized root
channels (anthropogenic horizon)

A

anthraquic

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17
Q

in paddy soils: the layer below the anthraquic horizon
showing redoximorphic features and/or an accumulation of Fe and/or Mn (anthropogenic horizon)

A

hydragric

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18
Q

accumulation of secondary carbonates, non-cemented (organic or mineral horizon)

A

calcic

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19
Q

high amounts of readily soluble salts (organic or mineral horizon)

A

salic

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20
Q

perennially frozen (visible ice or, if not enough water, < 0°C) (organic or mineral horizon)

A

cryic

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21
Q

with sulfuric acid and a very low pH value (organic or mineral horizon)

A

thionic

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22
Q

organic layer, not water-saturated and not drained (no swamp)

A

folic

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23
Q

organic layer, water-saturated or drained (swamp)

A

histic

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24
Q

thick, dark-coloured, high base saturation, moderate to high
content of organic matter, not massive and hard when dry (mineral horizon)

A

mollic

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25
Q

thick, dark-coloured, low base saturation, moderate to high
content of organic matter, not massive and hard when dry (mineral horizon)

A

umbric

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26
Q

subsurface layer with distinctly higher clay content than the
overlying layer and/or presence of illuvial clay

A

argic

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27
Q

horizon ≥ 15% (single or in combination) of reddish concretions and/or nodules or of concentrations in platy, polygonal or reticulate patterns; high contents of Fe oxides, at least in the concretions, nodules or concentrations

A

plinthic

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28
Q

horizon evidence of pedogenic alteration; not meeting the criteria of diagnostic horizons that indicate stronger alteration or accumulation processes

A

cambic

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29
Q

horizon strongly weathered; dominated by kaolinites and oxides

A

ferralic

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30
Q

horizon rich in clay and Fe oxides, moderate to strong structure, shiny aggregate faces

A

nitric

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31
Q

horizon dominated by swelling and shrinking clays

32
Q

properties surface layer characteristics of soils under arid conditions

33
Q

very sharp increase in clay content within a limited depth range

A

abrupt textural difference

34
Q

interfingering of coarser-textured and lighter coloured material into an argic horizon forming vertically continuous tongues (special case of retic properties)

A

albeluvic glossae

35
Q

properties short-range-order minerals and/or organo-metallic complexes

36
Q

properties saturated with groundwater (or upwards moving gases) long enough that reducing conditions occur

37
Q

material: < 20% soil organic carbon and ≥ 35% (by volume) organic artefacts

A

organotechnic

38
Q

material: light-coloured fine earth, expressed by high Munsell value and low
chroma

39
Q

created, substantially modified or brought to the surface by humans; no subsequent substantial change of chemical or mineralogical properties

40
Q

material: sedimented by wind

41
Q

material: ≥ 2% calcium carbonate equivalent, at least partially inherited from
the parent material

42
Q

material: fluviatile, marine or lacustrine deposits with evident stratification

43
Q

Soils with thick organic layers

44
Q

soils with strong human influence with long and intensive agricultural use

A

anthrosols

45
Q

soils with strong human influence containing significant amounts of artefacts

A

technosols

46
Q

soils with limitations to root growth, permafost-affacted

47
Q

soils with limitations to root growth, thin or with many coarse fragments

48
Q

soils with limitations to root growth, with a high content of exchangeable Na

49
Q

soils with limitations to root growth, alternating wet-dry conditions, shrink swell clay minerals

50
Q

soils with limitations to root growth, high concentration of soluble salts

A

solonchaks

51
Q

Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, groundwater-affected, under water or tidal areas

52
Q

Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, allophones and/or Al-humus complexes

53
Q

Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, subsoil accumulation of humus and/or oxides

54
Q

Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, accumulation and redistribution of Fe

A

plinthosols

55
Q

Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, stagnant water, abrupt textural difference

56
Q

Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, stagnant water structural difference and or moderate textural difference

A

stagnosols

57
Q

Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, low activity clays, Pfixation, many Fe oxides, strongly structured

58
Q

Soils distinguished by Fe/Al chemistry, dominance of kaolinite and oxides

A

ferralsols

59
Q

Pronounced accumulation of organic matter in the mineral topsoil; very dark topsoil, secondary carbonates

A

chernozems

60
Q

Pronounced accumulation of organic matter in the mineral topsoil; dark topsoil , secondary carbonates

A

kastanozems

61
Q

Pronounced accumulation of organic matter in the mineral topsoil; dark topsoil, no secondary carbonates (unless very deep), high base status

62
Q

Pronounced accumulation of organic matter in the mineral topsoil; dark topsoil, low base status

63
Q

Accumulation of moderately soluble salts or non-saline substances; and cementation by secondary silica

64
Q

Accumulation of moderately soluble salts or non-saline substances; secondary gypsum

65
Q

Accumulation of moderately soluble salts or non-saline substances; secondary carbonates

66
Q

Soils with clay-enriched subsoil; inter fingering of coarser-textured, lighter colored material into a finer-textured, stronger colored layer

67
Q

Soils with clay-enriched subsoil; low activity clays, low base status

68
Q

Soils with clay-enriched subsoil; low activity clays, high base status

69
Q

Soils with clay-enriched subsoil; high activity clays, low base status

70
Q

Soils with clay-enriched subsoil; high activity clays, high base status

71
Q

Soils with little or no profile differentation; moderately developed

72
Q

Soils with little or no profile differentation; stratified fluviatile, marine lacustrine sediments

73
Q

Soils with little or no profile differentation; sandy

74
Q

Soils with little or no profile differentation; no significant profile development

75
Q

water that comes from rain

76
Q

water that comes from groundwater

A

lithocline

SOILS (10 decks)

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