qualifiers Flashcards
> 2/3 recognizable plant tissue
fibric
hemic
<2/3 recofnisablie plant tissue & > 1/6 recognizable plant tissue (medium)
<1/6 recognizable plant tissue
sapric
base saturation higher then 50%
eutric
base saturation lower then 50%
dystric
by adding organic material such as excrements and kitchen refuse mixed into the
natural soil; high animal activity; result deep cultivation, intensive fertilization & applicationn organic waste
hortic
by adding organic material such as charcoal, ash, plant residues, bones & kitchen refuse; limited animal activity (Terra Preta de Indio = Amazon dark earths)
pretic
by adding and mixing mineral material such as carbonate rich sea sand or limnic sediments into the natural soil; cultivation in raised beds
terric
by adding sods of grass/herbs/shrubs taken from other places, mixed with manure and ash; mainly in sandy soils
plaggic
by accumulation of sediments from irrigation water; pronounced higher silt and clay content in topsoil (irrigated)
irragric
soils under paddy cultivation; relative dense pan allowing water to transport reduced Fe and Mn to the subsoil (rainfed)
hydragric
soils under paddy cultivation; puddling under waterlogged conditions creates dense plough pan allowing irrigation water to stagnate (rainfed)
anthraquic
without contact with other soils/ fine earth fraction
isolatic
perenniaally frozen layer (visible ice or, if not enough water, <0°C)
cryic
unfrozen (noncryotic) soil and rock
talik
massive body of ground ice, leads to deformation of the ocerlying soil an rock
pingo
subsurface layer with distinctly higher clay content than the overlying layer and/or presence of illuvial clay; high content of exchangeable Na+
natric
stagnant water for a period long enough to let reducing conditions occur
stagnic
polished and grooved aggregate surfaces
slickensides
constant churning; cracks that open and close periodically
peloturbation
hearing of the underlying material to the surface creating a micro relief
gilgai relief
if >=5% glasses in sand and coarse silt fractions; lower degree of weathering; glassy aggregates & other glass coated primary minerals
vitric
active Al and Fe materials, having the lowest bulk density
(≤ 0.9 kg.dm-³) among mineral soils, high anion exchange capacity, high contents of organic matter and ferrihydrite and high plant-available water capacity.
andic
precursor of iron oxides
ferrihydrite
allophanes, imogolite minerals; acid to neutral (andosol); lighter colour; on rhyolitic to andesitic tephra
silandic
al-humus complexes; extremely acid to acid; blackish colour (andosol); on basaltic tephra
aluandic
subsoil horizon where organomineral complexes have been accumulating. This is as a consequence of strong acidity dus to intruding of organic acids of the surface layer. Organic matter in upper part & Fe oxides spread over a higher depth range.
spodic
light colored material due to eluviation in the horizon
albic
soft horizon with concretions of Fe oxides
plinthic
horizon consisting of hard concretions (nodules) of Fe oxides
pisoplinthic
horizon that is a continuous hard layer due to Fe oxides
petroplinthic
an iron-rich, humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay with quartz and other constituents that changes irreversibly to a hardpan or to irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying.
plinthite
removal of Na+ from exchange sites and subsequent dispersal and leaching
solodization
hydromorphic soil forming process, reduction and oxidation phase; process can lead to clay mineral transformation
ferrolysis
