Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SOILS > deck2 > Flashcards

deck2 Flashcards

1
Q

paddy soils: The layer comprising the puddled layer and the plough pan, both showing a reduced matrix and oxidized root channels.

A

anthraquic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is dark, has a high content of organic matter and phosphorus (P), high animal activity, and high base saturation. Resulting from long-term cultivation, fertilization and application
of organic residues

A

hortic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

paddy soils: The layer below the anthraquic horizon showing redoximorphic features and/or an accumulation of iron (Fe) and/or manganese (Mn).

A

hydragric horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A uniformly textured layer with at least moderate content of organic matter and high animal activity, gradually built up by sediment-rich irrigation water.

A

irragric horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A dark layer with at least moderate content of organic matter, sandy or loamy. Resulting from application of sods and excrements

A

plaggic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A dark layer with at least moderate content of organic matter and phosphorus (P), high contents of exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) with black carbon, including Amazonian Dark Earths.

A

pretic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It shows evidence of the addition of substantially different material, with at least moderate content of organic matter and high base saturation. resulting from adding mineral material (with or without organic residues) and cultivation

A

terric horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A horizon with an accumulation of secondary carbonates that are not continuously cemented.

A

calcic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A horizon that is perennially frozen, showing visible ice or temperatures below 0°C if water is insufficient.

A

cryic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A horizon with high amounts of readily soluble salts.

A

salic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A horizon with sulfuric acid and a very low pH value.

A

thionic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An organic layer that is not water-saturated and not drained.

A

folic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

An organic layer that is water-saturated or drained.

A

histic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A thick, very dark-coloured horizon with high base saturation, moderate to high content of organic matter, and well-developed soil structure or structural elements created by agricultural practices, high animal activiy (special case of mollic horizon)

A

chernic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A thick, dark-coloured horizon with high base saturation and moderate to high content of organic matter, with at least some soil structure or structural elements created by agricultural practices.

A

mollic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A thick, dark-coloured horizon with low base saturation and moderate to high content of organic matter, with at least some soil structure or structural elements created by agricultural practices.

A

umbric horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A subsurface layer with distinctly higher clay content than the overlying layer, without a lithic discontinuity and/or presence of illuvial clay minerals(with or without a lithic discontinuity).

A

argic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A horizon with concretions or nodules cemented by secondary silica, and/or remnants of a broken-up petroduric horizon.

A

duric horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A horizon containing ≥ 5% reddish to blackish concretions and/or nodules and/or ≥ 15% reddish to blackish coarse masses, with accumulation of Fe (and Mn) oxides.

A

ferric horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A horizon with an accumulation of secondary gypsum that is not continuously cemented.

A

gypsic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A horizon with accumulation of Fe and/or Mn oxides in a layer that has or had gleyic properties; at least partially cemented

A

limonic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A subsurface layer with distinctly higher clay content than the overlying layer, without a lithic discontinuity and/or presence of illuvial clay minerals (with or without a lithic discontinuity); high content of exchangeable Na

A

natric horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A horizon with an accumulation of secondary carbonates that are relatively continuously cemented.

A

petrocalcic horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A horizon with an accumulation of secondary silica that is relatively continuously cemented.

A

petroduric horizon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
A horizon with an accumulation of secondary gypsum that is relatively continuously cemented.
petrogypsic horizon
26
A horizon consisting of oximorphic features inside (former) soil aggregates that are at least partially interconnected and have a yellowish, reddish and/or blackish colour. relatively continuously cemented
petroplinthic horizon
27
A horizon with ≥ 40% at least moderately cemented yellowish, reddish, and/or blackish concretions and/or nodules, with accumulation of Fe oxides and/or remnants of a broken-up petroplinthic horizon.
pisoplinthic horizon
28
A horizon that has in ≥ 15% of its exposed area oximorphic features inside (former) soil aggregates that are black or have a redder hue and a higher chroma than the surrounding material, high contents of Fe oxides, at least in the oximorphic features; not continuously cemented
plinthic horizon
29
A subsurface accumulation of organic matter other than in spodic or natric horizons, not a buried surface horizon
sombric horizon
30
A subsurface accumulation of aluminum (Al) with iron (Fe) and/or organic matter.
spodic horizon
31
A horizon with lateral accumulation of Fe, usually derived from Planosols and Stagnosols further upslope.
tsitelic horizon
32
A light-coloured horizon with loss of coloured substances (e.g. oxides, organic matter) due to soil-forming processes.
albic horizon
33
A horizon showing evidence of soil-forming processes, not meeting the criteria of diagnostic horizons that indicate stronger alteration or accumulation processes.
cambic horizon
34
A horizon with massive or subangular blocky structure, restricted root penetration, normally free drainage, rich in kaolinite, and poor in organic matter.
cohesic horizon
35
A strongly weathered horizon dominated by kaolinites and oxides.
ferralic horizon
36
A horizon with large soil aggregates where roots and percolating water penetrate the soil only in between these aggregates, nor to only partially cemented
fragic horizon
37
A horizon rich in clay minerals and Fe oxides, with moderate to strong structure and shiny soil aggregate surfaces.
nitic horizon
38
A buried mineral surface horizon with a significant content of organic matter.
panpaic horizon
39
A horizon influenced by swelling and shrinking clay minerals.
protovertic horizon
40
A horizon dominated by swelling and shrinking clay minerals.
vertic horizon
41
Fine-textured surface crust with a platy or massive structure; under arid condtions in flooded soils
takyric properties
42
A combination of desert features: desert pavement, varnishing, ventifacts, vesicular pores, and platy structure.
yermic properties
43
A very sharp increase in clay content within a limited depth range.
abrupt textural difference
44
Interfingering of coarser-textured and lighter-coloured material into an argic horizon forming vertically continuous tongues (special case of retic properties).
albeluvic glossae
45
Differences in parent material.
lithic discontinuity
46
Interfingering of coarser-textured and lighter-coloured material into an argic or natric horizon.
retic properties
47
Short-range-order minerals and/or organo-metallic complexes.
andic properties
48
Applying to soils with mollic or umbric horizons, if the mollic or umbric horizon is created or substantially transformed by humans.
anthric properties
49
Consolidated material excluding cemented pedogenic horizons.
continuous rock
50
Saturated with flowing or upwards moving groundwater (or upwards moving gases), permanently or long enough for reducing conditions to occur.
gleyic properties
51
Carbonates derived from the soil solution and precipitated in the soil (secondary carbonates), less pronounced than in calcic or petrocalcic horizons.
protocalcic properties
52
Gypsum derived from the soil solution and precipitated in the soil (secondary gypsum), less pronounced than in gypsic or petrogypsic horizons.
protogypsic properties
53
Low redox potential (rH value) and/or presence of sulfide, methane, or reduced iron (Fe).
reducing conditions
54
Cracks that open and close due to the swelling and shrinking of clay minerals.
shrink-swell cracks
55
Properties indicating relatively low cation exchange capacity (CEC).
sideralic properties
56
Saturated with surface water (or intruding liquids), at least temporarily, long enough for reducing conditions to occur.
stagnic properties
57
Properties indicating ≥ 5% (by grain count) of volcanic glasses and related materials, containing a limited amount of short-range-order minerals and/or organo-metallic complexes.
vitric properties
58
< 20% soil organic carbon and < 35% (by volume) organic artefacts.
mineral material
59
Material developed from water-saturated organic material after drainage. 8 - 20% soil organic carbon
mulmic material
60
Material with ≥ 20% soil organic carbon.
organic material
61
Material with < 20% soil organic carbon and ≥ 35% (by volume) organic artefacts.
organotechnic material
62
Organic carbon that does not meet the diagnostic criteria of artefacts.
soil organic carbon
63
Light-coloured fine earth, expressed by high Munsell value and low chroma.
claric material
64
Materials created, substantially modified, or brought to the surface by humans
artefacts
65
Hard material that is consolidated and relatively continuous, resulting from an industrial process.
technic hard material
66
Material sedimented by wind.
aeolic material
67
Material with ≥ 2% calcium carbonate equivalent, at least partially inherited from the parent material.
calcaric material
68
Material with ≥ 2% of a mineral that has a ratio of CaCO3/MgCO3 < 1.5.
dolomitic material
69
Material from fluviatile, marine, or lacustrine deposits with evident stratification.
fluvic material
70
Material with ≥ 5% gypsum, at least partially inherited from the parent material.
gypsiric material
71
Material containing sulfides and capable of severe acidification.
hypersulfidic material
72
Material containing sulfides and not capable of severe acidification.
hyposulfidic material
73
Material deposited in water by precipitation (possibly with sedimentation), or derived from algae or aquatic plants with subsequent transport or modification by aquatic animals or microorganisms.
limnic material
74
Material from excrements or remnants of birds or bird activity.
ornithogenic material
75
A heterogeneous mixture that has moved down a slope, suspended in water
solimovic material
76
Material with ≥ 30% (by grain count) volcanic glass and related materials.
tephric material

SOILS (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions