Soft Tissue

Question 1

Sprain

Answer 1

Stretch or tear to a ligament

Question 2

Strain

Answer 2

Tearing of muscles or tendon

Question 3

Grade 1

Answer 3

Over stretch, discomfort, oedema, 1-2 days recovery

Question 4

Grade 2

Answer 4

Partial tear, inflammatory response, function severely limited, many months recovery

Question 5

Grade 3

Answer 5

Complete rupture, joint instability, pain, inability to contract muscle, separation, immobilisation and surgery 8-12 months

Question 6

Inflammatory Phase

Answer 6

Vasodilation, cellular response

Question 7

Proliferative Phase

Answer 7

Re-epithelialisation, fibroplasia, wound contraction

Question 8

Remodelling Phase

Answer 8

Scarring, collagen removing

Question 9

Parenchymal Tissue

Answer 9

Functioning cells of organs

Question 10

Stromal Tissue

Answer 10

Supporting connective tissues, blood vessels and nerves

Question 11

3 Types of Tissue Repair

Answer 11

Resolution - healing of mild injury, epithelial cells slough and regenerate
Regeneration - specialised tissue is replaced
Replacement - lost tissue is replaced by granulation to form scar tissue

Question 12

Labile Cells

Answer 12

Constant turn over of new cells e.g. skin cells

Question 13

Stable Cells

Answer 13

Stop growing when growth is complete e.g. liver, endocrine glands, tubules of kidney

Question 14

Fixed Cells

Answer 14

Cannot undergo mitosis e.g. nerves, muscles, cardiac cells

Question 15

Epithelia

Answer 15

Lining of a body cavity or externally e.g. skin or airways

Question 16

Connective Tissue

Answer 16

Provides structural framework e.g. collagen, tendons, fat tissue, cartilage, bone, blood

Question 17

Muscle

Answer 17

Produce movement

Question 18

Nerves

Answer 18

Carry electrical impulses

Question 19

Exocrine

Answer 19

Secrete products into ducts e.g. saliva, sweat

Question 20

Endocrine

Answer 20

Ductless, secrete hormones into cellular spaces then blood e.g. thyroid gland

Question 21

Mucous Membranes

Answer 21

Epithelial cells and connective tissue, lubricates passageways, reduces friction, facilitates secretion/absorption

Question 22

Serous Membranes

Answer 22

Thin and transparent, line sealed internal body cavities, reduce friction e.g. pleura in lungs, peritoneum in stomach and pericardium in heart

Question 23

Synovial Membranes

Answer 23

Connective tissue with a layer of fibroblasts and macrophages, lubricates joint capsule, reduced friction, produces nutrients for cartilage

Question 24

Cutaneous Membranes

Answer 24

Many layers of squamous epithelium, dermis and epidermis e.g. hair, nails, skin