Lifespan Development Flashcards
Six Stages
Infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, older age
Umbilical Vein
Carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the liver
Ductus Venosus
Connects inferior vena cava to the umbilical vein acting as a short cut
Foramen Ovale
Allows blood to travel directly from right atria to left
Ductus Arteriosis
Allows blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
Umbilical Artery
Carries blood from the aorta to placenta to be reoxygenated
Respiratory System in Infancy
Soft rib cage, flat diaphragm, narrow airways, poor cilia, 150 million alveoli, collateral ventilation doesn’t exist, airways predisposed to collapse
Musculoskeletal System in Infancy
Bones fuse, bones are soft, muscle fibres are weak, lots of body fat for protection not nutrition
Neurological System in Infancy
Heavy brain no control, lower parts of brain are more developed, can’t stretch knees, primitive reflexes e.g. grasp
Adolescence
Skeletal growth, muscle growth (strength and endurance increases), increase sex hormones, drive and behaviours, thickening of vocal cords, increased blood volume
Early Adulthood
Prime, sexual peak, strength, coordination, reaction times are at their best
Middle Age
Good health and physical function, organs aren’t as efficient, senses decline, wrinkles, menopause and andropause
Primary Ageing
Inevitable, natural deterioration
Secondary Ageing
Disease, poor health practice e.g. diet, smoking
Tissue Decline
Slower healing, more fragile, less regeneration, function impaired
Appearance Decline
Thinning of epidermis, reduced blood supply, hair loss, melanin deficiency, damaged skin
Immunity Decline
T and B cells less responsive, more susceptible to viruses and bacterial infections, increased incidence of cancer
Other Declines
Reduced appetite, loss of thirst, reduction in gut motility, kidney function declines, bladder muscles weaken, prostate enlarges and gradual reduction in hormones
Musculoskeletal in Older Age
Decline in size and strength, reduced flexibility, increased fatigue, osteopenia occurs, tolerance to exercise reduces and injury recovery reduces
Cardiovascular System in Older Age
Cardiac output reduced, anaemia, atherosclerosis risk increased, varicose veins, stiffened rib cage, aneurysm more likely
Neurological System in Older Age
Decrease size of cerebral cortex, loss of neurones and transmitters, reduced balance, vision, walking, increased risk of falls, decline in function e.g. Alzheimer’s
