Lifespan Development

Question 1

Six Stages

Answer 1

Infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, older age

Question 2

Umbilical Vein

Answer 2

Carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the liver

Question 3

Ductus Venosus

Answer 3

Connects inferior vena cava to the umbilical vein acting as a short cut

Question 4

Foramen Ovale

Answer 4

Allows blood to travel directly from right atria to left

Question 5

Ductus Arteriosis

Answer 5

Allows blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta

Question 6

Umbilical Artery

Answer 6

Carries blood from the aorta to placenta to be reoxygenated

Question 7

Respiratory System in Infancy

Answer 7

Soft rib cage, flat diaphragm, narrow airways, poor cilia, 150 million alveoli, collateral ventilation doesn’t exist, airways predisposed to collapse

Question 8

Musculoskeletal System in Infancy

Answer 8

Bones fuse, bones are soft, muscle fibres are weak, lots of body fat for protection not nutrition

Question 9

Neurological System in Infancy

Answer 9

Heavy brain no control, lower parts of brain are more developed, can’t stretch knees, primitive reflexes e.g. grasp

Question 10

Adolescence

Answer 10

Skeletal growth, muscle growth (strength and endurance increases), increase sex hormones, drive and behaviours, thickening of vocal cords, increased blood volume

Question 11

Early Adulthood

Answer 11

Prime, sexual peak, strength, coordination, reaction times are at their best

Question 12

Middle Age

Answer 12

Good health and physical function, organs aren’t as efficient, senses decline, wrinkles, menopause and andropause

Question 13

Primary Ageing

Answer 13

Inevitable, natural deterioration

Question 14

Secondary Ageing

Answer 14

Disease, poor health practice e.g. diet, smoking

Question 15

Tissue Decline

Answer 15

Slower healing, more fragile, less regeneration, function impaired

Question 16

Appearance Decline

Answer 16

Thinning of epidermis, reduced blood supply, hair loss, melanin deficiency, damaged skin

Question 17

Immunity Decline

Answer 17

T and B cells less responsive, more susceptible to viruses and bacterial infections, increased incidence of cancer

Question 18

Other Declines

Answer 18

Reduced appetite, loss of thirst, reduction in gut motility, kidney function declines, bladder muscles weaken, prostate enlarges and gradual reduction in hormones

Question 19

Musculoskeletal in Older Age

Answer 19

Decline in size and strength, reduced flexibility, increased fatigue, osteopenia occurs, tolerance to exercise reduces and injury recovery reduces

Question 20

Cardiovascular System in Older Age

Answer 20

Cardiac output reduced, anaemia, atherosclerosis risk increased, varicose veins, stiffened rib cage, aneurysm more likely

Question 21

Neurological System in Older Age

Answer 21

Decrease size of cerebral cortex, loss of neurones and transmitters, reduced balance, vision, walking, increased risk of falls, decline in function e.g. Alzheimer’s