Nerves And The Brain

Question 1

Sympathetic

Answer 1

Fight or flight, thoracic and lumbar and is involuntary

Question 2

Parasympathetic

Answer 2

Rest or digest, cranial and sacrum, is involuntary

Question 3

Dorsal root

Answer 3

Sensory nerve

Question 4

Ventral root

Answer 4

Motor nerve

Question 5

Epineurium

Answer 5

Surrounds whole nerve

Question 6

Perineurium

Answer 6

Surrounds fascicles of nerve fibres

Question 7

Endoneurium

Answer 7

Surrounds axons of nerve cells

Question 8

Nerve Impulse Pathway

Answer 8

Resting: 3 Na pumped out by active transport, 2 K in
Depolarisation: Na channels open, passively enter down gradient
Repolarisation: Na channels shut, K open passively move out
Hyperpolarisation: K slow to close, returns to resting state

Question 9

Spatial Summation

Answer 9

Lots of stimuli arrive at multiple dendrites

Question 10

Temporal Summation

Answer 10

Series of signals arrive at one synapse

Question 11

Synapse Pathway

Answer 11

1. Ca stimulates neurotransmitter gates to open

Examples : acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine

Question 12

Neuroplasicity

Answer 12

Re-learning of a skill by re-creating neural pathways

Question 13

Neurolemma

Answer 13

Regenerates the axon when cell body and Schwann cell are intact

Question 14

Transient Ischaemia

Answer 14

Pins and needles due to a lack of oxygen

Question 15

Neurapraxia

Answer 15

Compression of nerve, takes 6-8 weeks to regenerate

Question 16

Axonotmesis

Answer 16

Crushing of nerve, some regeneration

Question 17

Neurotmesis

Answer 17

Complete severance of nerve, surgery can recover

Question 18

Cerebrum

Answer 18

Two hemispheres making up majority of the brain, 6 areas, left controls right and visa versa

Question 19

Frontal Lobe

Answer 19

Movement (premotor + primary motor cortex) and speech (brocas area), personality, emotion, memory, planning and execution

Question 20

Parietal Lobe

Answer 20

Somatic sensation e.g shape, pressure, texture, body and spatial awareness

Question 21

Temporal Lobe

Answer 21

Interprets sound, translates words into thoughts, memory of the use of words

Question 22

Occipital Lobe

Answer 22

Interpret light, dark, shape, movement and colours, relates past visual experiences with recognition and evaluation

Question 23

Brain Stem

Answer 23

Controls respiratory, cardiac, gastric, swallowing, vasomotor, sleep, balance and alertness

Question 24

Hypothalamus

Answer 24

Regulates homeostasis using autonomic and pituitary gland

Question 25

Lambic System

Answer 25

Controls emotion, response and memory

Uses hippocampus and amygdala

Question 26

Cerebellum

Answer 26

Co-ordinating movement, balance and timing