Soft Palate And Phayrnx Flashcards
What is the soft palate
-forms a moveable partition between the oropharynx and the nasopharynx
-made of muscle overhead by non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
-extends laterally to form the palatoglossal and palatophayngeal arches
-receives sensory innervation via the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
Muscles of the soft palate
Levator veli palatini
Tensor veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Origin of the levator veli palatini
Auditory tubes and petrous part of temporal bone
Insertion of Levator veli palatini
Palatine aponeurosis (connective tissue)
Action of the levator veli palatini
Tenses soft palate and equalises pressure in middle ear
Innervation of levator veli palatini
Vagus (pharyngeal plexus)
Origin of tensor veli palatini
Auditory tubes and sphenoid bone
Insertion of tensor veli palatini
Palatine aponeurosis
Action of tensor veli palatini
Tenses soft palate and equalises pressure in middle ear
innervation of tensor veli palatini
Mandibular division of trigeminal
Origin of Palatoglossus
Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion of Palatoglossus
Posterolateral aspect of the tongue
Action of Palatoglossus
Elevates the tongue and narrows the oropharyngeal isthmus
Innervation of Palatoglossus
Vagus (pharyngeal plexus)
Origin of Palatopharyngeus
Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion of Palatopharyngeus
Lateral pharyngeal wall
Action of Palatopharyngeus
Elevates the pharynx
Innervation of the Palatopharyngeus
Vagus (pharyngeal plexus)
Functions of the soft palate
-seals of the nasopharynx in swallowing and speech
-narrows oropharyngeal isthmus, elevates tongue and assures in elevation of pharynx during swallowing
What is the pharynx
-fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the oesophagus
-anterior openings for nose, mouth and larynx
Divisions of the pharynx
Nasophraynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Functions of the pharynx
-passageway for food and air
-important roles in swallowing
-articulation
Nasopharynx
-extends from base of skull to tip of uvula
-lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epitleum with goblet cells
Important features of the nasopharynx
-ostium(opening) of the auditory (eustachian) tube
-pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
-tubal tonsils
Sensory innervation of nasopharynx
Maxillary division of trigeminal and glossopharyngeal
Oropharynx
Extends from uvula to tip of epiglottis
- Lined by non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
- Oropharyngeal isthmus in anterior wall, therefore contains:
- Palatoglossal folds
- Palatopharngeal folds
- Tonsillar recess and palatine tonsils
- Posterior 1/3 of tongue runs vertically in the anterior wall- lingual tonsils
- Mucosa of tongue reflected onto epiglottis to form the valleculae and the medial and lateral glossoepiglottic folds
Sensory innervation of orophaynx
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Laryngopharynx
-extends from epiglottis to the oesophagus
-laryngeal inlet located anteriorly-bounded by the aryepiglottic folds and the epiglottis
-piriform recess lateral to laryngeal inlet
-lined by non keratinise stratified squamous epithelium
Laryngopharynx sensory innervation
Glossopharyngeal and vagus
Walleys ring
A ring of lymphoid tissue that guards the entrance of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems
Muscles of pharynx
Constrictor muscles and longitudinal muscles
What are constrictor muscles
-three pairs of muscles that overlap each others and meet posteriorly at the pharyngeal raphe
-superior, middle, inferior
-contract sequentially to push bolus goo into oesophagus
-innervated by pharyngeal plexus (vagus)
Superior constrictor
-origin- sphenoid bone, mandible and pterygomanidbular raphe
-insertion- pharyngeal tubercle (on the occipital bone anchored to skull) and pharyngeal raphe
Middle constrictor
-origin- hyoid bone and stylohoid ligament
-insertion- pharyngeal raphe
Inferior constrictor
-two parts thryopharyngeus part and cricopharyngeus part
-origin- thyroid cartilage
-origin- cricoid cartilage
Insertion- pharyngeal raphe
Longitudinal muscles
-three pairs of muscles run into a superior to inferior direction
-shorten and widen the pharynx
-elevate the pharynx and larynx
-open the auditory tube
What are the 3 pairs of longitudinal muscles
-salpingopharyngeus
-Stylopharyngeus
-Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Origin-auditory tube
Insertion- lateral pharyngeal wall
Innervation- pharyngeal plexus (vagus)
Stylopharyngeus
Origin-styloïde process temporal bone
Insertion- posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage and the lateral pharyngeal wall
Innervation- glossopharyngeal nerve
Palatopharyngeus
Origin- palatine aponeurosis
Insertion- posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage and lateral pharyngeal wall
-innervation- pharyngeal plexus
Pharyngeal plexus
-located on the outer wall of constrictor muscles
-consists of
-sensory fibres from the glossopharyngeal nerve
-motor fibres from the vagus nerve
-sympathetic fibres (vasomotor)
CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve
-arias in the medulla oblongata
-exits the skull at the jugular foramen
-general sensation from pharynx, poste 1/3 tongue and ear
-taste sensation from posterior 1/3 tongue and pharynx
-visceral sensation from carotid body and sinus
-parasympathetic to parotid gland
-motor to Stylopharyngeus muscle
CN X - vagus nerve
-arises in the medulla oblongata
-exits the skull at the jugular foramen
-general sensation from pharynx, larynx and palate
-parasympathetic to viscera of chest and abdomen
-visceral sensory to aortic bodies and sinus
