Assessment Of Adult Hearing Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cross hearing

A

-sound presented by headphones can cross from on ear to the opposite ear. This happens through the skull

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2
Q

What is pure tone audiometry test

A

Behavioural test used to measure the threshold of hearing to pure tones of different frequencies
Each ear is tested separately
This test is standardised

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3
Q

What is a otoscopy

A

Looking down ears

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4
Q

What is sound

A

-the vibration of air molecules
-objective measurement of sound tells us the pressure
-

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5
Q

What is the measument of pressure

A

Newtons/ m2 = pascal

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6
Q

What is the range of human hearing

A

20 micro pascals to 200 pascals
Use a logarithmic scale to keep it manageable
Therefore the scale is decibel (db)

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7
Q

What is the dB HL scale

A

-audiometry uses dB HL ‘hearing level’
-normalises average threshold values across the frequency range
-found by testing normal hearing adults
-0=threshold

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8
Q

What is the threshod in pure tone audiology

A

The lowest level of sound the subject can hear 2/2 or 3/4 responses on ascending level

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9
Q

What are the 3 times of hearing loss

A

-SNHL sensory neural hearing loss
-conductive hearing loss
-mixed

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10
Q

What is SNHL

A

Sensory neural hearing loss
-problem with cochlear, cochlear nerve, brain related to hearing, auditory nerve or tumour

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11
Q

Conductive hearing loss (airbone gap)

A

-problem with outer or middle ear
-lower levels of sounds will get into the ear
-perhaps hole in membrane or there is a bony growth
-=stopping sounds getting into cochlear

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12
Q

What is air conduction test

A

-headphone placed over pinna
-presents sound to the membrane and into the cochlear
-tests the full auditory pathway

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13
Q

What is bone conduction test

A

-goes behind the back of the persons ear on the auditory meatus
-vibrates the skull
-bipases the outer and middle ear
-sound goes straight to the cochlear

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14
Q

Hearing test results
What does the triangle mean

A

Bone conduction threshold

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15
Q

Hearing test results
What does the circle symbol mean

A

Air conduction threshold

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16
Q

Hearing test results
What does 0 mean

A

Normal/ mean average hearing

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17
Q

Hearing test results
What does further down the graph mean

A

Sound gets louder

18
Q

Higher threshold

A

Bad
(Lower down the graph)

19
Q

Lower threshold

A

-good as you can hear quieter sounds
-higher up the graph

20
Q

What is normal hearing

A

0-20

21
Q

What does -db mean

A

Better than average

22
Q

What does + db mean

A

Poorer than average

23
Q

What does the scale on the audiogram go up to

A

-10 to 120 dB HL

24
Q

What does the y axis on the audiogram mean

A

Intensity

25
Q

Mild hearing loss

A

20-40

26
Q

Moderate hearing loss

A

41-70

27
Q

Severe hearing loss

A

71-95

28
Q

Profound hearing loss

A

95-100

29
Q

What shows conductive hearing loss on audiogram

A

Gap between air conduction and bone conduction

30
Q

What shows conductive hearing loss on the audiogram

A

Gap between air conduction and bone conduction

31
Q

What shows sensory neural hearing loss on an audiogram

A

When the bone and air conduction match

32
Q

What shows mixed hearing loss on audiogram

A

When air-bone-gap is less than 20 dB HL

33
Q

What do outer hair cells do

A

Hair cells act as amplifiers

34
Q

What is cochlear hearing loss

A

-outer hair cell damage
-elevates thresholds
-uncomfortable loudness levels
-auditory discrimination and resolution impaire due to smearing of the neural signals
-less able to sort out complex signals like speech
-more susceptible to background noise

35
Q

What do hearing aids do

A

-can amplify signals to be above threshold
-can limit the amplification so that intense sounds do not exceed ULLs (uncomfortable listening sounds)
-can reduce noise levels if noise is steady state not speech

36
Q

What do hearing aids not do

A

Cannot do anything about poor frequency resolution
Aids do not restore normal hearing

37
Q

Wide dynamic range compression

A

Hearing aid boosts the weak sounds but not the louder sounds

38
Q

Behind the ear hearing aids (BTE)

A

-worn behind the pinna
-coupled to the concha via plastic tube and ear mold
-DSP aids provided by NHS

39
Q

Cochlear implant

A

-tries to replace cochlear
-requires surgery
-electrodes are placed into cochlear
-termed bionic ear but does not restore hearing to normal
-provides additional sensory input to improve use of auditory information in communication

40
Q

Bone anchored hearing aids

A

-suitable for people with chronic infection causing constantly draining ears and those with no ear canal
-small titanium fixture implanted behind ear then abutment and sound processor is attached
-connected BAHA transmits sound directly via the titanium fixture using bone as sound pathway
-good for people with middle ear problems

41
Q

What does atresia mean

A

No ear canal

42
Q

FM systems

A

-sound changed into an electrical signal by a microphone, superimposed on an FM (frequency modulated)radio signal in a portable transmitter and picked up by a portable FM received worn by listener
-transmitter worn by eg teacher
-received worn by eg student